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    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *þreutaną</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_þreutaną</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_trewd" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*trewd-</orth>
          <def>to squeeze; push; press</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_threutana" type="verb" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/þreutaną">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>þreutaną</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈθreu̯.tɑ.nɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚦᚱᛖᚢᛏᚨᚾᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>verb</pos>
            <gram type="class">Strong class 2</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>to bother, harass, weary</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_trewd"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_trewd">*trewd-</ref></mentioned> (‘to harass’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>þreutō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>þreutaų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #sg">
              <orth>þreutai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>þriutizi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>þreutaiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>þreut</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>þreutazai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>þreutaizau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>þriutidi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>þreutai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>þreutadau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>þreutadai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>þreutaidau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>þreutōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>þreutaiw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>þreutadiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>þreutaidiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>þreutadiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>þreutamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>þreutaim</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>þreutandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>þreutaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>þriutid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>þreutaid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>þriutid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>þreutandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>þreutaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>þreutandi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>þreutain</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>þreutandau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>þreutandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>þreutaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #sg">
              <orth>þraut</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #sg">
              <orth>þrutį̄</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #sg">
              <orth>þraust</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #sg">
              <orth>þrutīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #sg">
              <orth>þraut</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #sg">
              <orth>þrutī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #du">
              <orth>þrutū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #du">
              <orth>þrutīw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #du">
              <orth>þrutudiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #du">
              <orth>þrutīdiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #pl">
              <orth>þrutum</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #pl">
              <orth>þrutīm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #pl">
              <orth>þrutud</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #pl">
              <orth>þrutīd</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #pl">
              <orth>þrutun</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #pl">
              <orth>þrutīn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="present">
              <orth>þreutandz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="past">
              <orth>þrutanaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="infinitive">
              <orth>þreutaną</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*þreutan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>þrēotan</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*þreutan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>thriotan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>drēten</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>þrjóta</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>tróta</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>þrjóta</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>þrjóta</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian</lang>
                    <orth>?</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                      <orth>tryte</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                      <orth>tryta, tryte</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>þrjóta</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Danish</lang>
                    <orth>tryde</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Old Danish</lang>
                      <orth>fortryde</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Danish</lang>
                        <orth>fortryde</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>þrjóta</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>þrȳta</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Swedish</lang>
                      <orth>tryta</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*uzþreutaną</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Gothic</lang>
                    <orth>𐌿𐍃𐌸𐍂𐌹𐌿𐍄𐌰𐌽 (usþriutan)</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*uzþreutaną</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                    <orth>*uʀþreutan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Old English</lang>
                      <orth>āþrēotan</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*uzþreutaną</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                    <orth>*uʀþreutan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Old High German</lang>
                      <orth>irdriozan, irdruzzen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                        <orth>erdriezen, verdriezen</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>German</lang>
                          <orth>erdrießen, verdrießen</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*uzþreutaną</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                    <orth>*uʀþreutan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                      <orth>āthriotan</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                        <orth>vordrēten, vordreiten</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
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