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  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *þrībaną</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_þrībaną</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_terp" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*terp-</orth>
          <def>to be stiff</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_treyp" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*treyp-</orth>
          <def>to seize</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_thribana" type="verb" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/þrībaną">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>þrībaną</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈθriː.βɑ.nɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚦᚱᛁᛒᚨᚾᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>verb</pos>
            <gram type="class">Strong class 1</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>to seize; grasp; take hold of</def>
          </sense>
          <sense n="2">
            <def>to take hold; catch on; prosper</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">Apparently from a Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_treyp"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_treyp">*treyp-</ref></mentioned> (‘to seize’), whose origin Kroonen leaves open. That said, note similarities to Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_terp"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_terp">*terp-</ref></mentioned> (‘to satisfy, enjoy’), *trep- (‘to turn’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>þrībō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>þrībaų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #sg">
              <orth>þrībai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>þrībizi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>þrībaiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>þrīb</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>þrībazai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>þrībaizau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>þrībidi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>þrībai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>þrībadau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>þrībadai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>þrībaidau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>þrībōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>þrībaiw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>þrībadiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>þrībaidiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>þrībadiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>þrībamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>þrībaim</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>þrībandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>þrībaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>þrībid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>þrībaid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>þrībid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>þrībandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>þrībaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>þrībandi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>þrībain</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>þrībandau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>þrībandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>þrībaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #sg">
              <orth>þraib</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #sg">
              <orth>þribį̄</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #sg">
              <orth>þraift</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #sg">
              <orth>þribīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #sg">
              <orth>þraib</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #sg">
              <orth>þribī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #du">
              <orth>þribū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #du">
              <orth>þribīw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #du">
              <orth>þribudiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #du">
              <orth>þribīdiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #pl">
              <orth>þribum</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #pl">
              <orth>þribīm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #pl">
              <orth>þribud</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #pl">
              <orth>þribīd</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #pl">
              <orth>þribun</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #pl">
              <orth>þribīn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="present">
              <orth>þrībandz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="past">
              <orth>þribanaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="infinitive">
              <orth>þrībaną</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                  <orth>*thrīva</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>triuwe</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>þrífa</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>tríva</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>þrífa</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                    <orth>trive</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                    <orth>triva</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>þrífa</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                    <orth>þrífast</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                      <orth>þrífast</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                      <orth>trivast</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>þrífa</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                    <orth>þrífast</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>thryven</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>thrive</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>thrive</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Yola</lang>
                        <orth>threeve</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>þrífa</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                    <orth>þrífast</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Old Danish</lang>
                      <orth>thrivæs</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Danish</lang>
                        <orth>trives</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                        <orth>trives</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>þrífa</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                    <orth>þrífast</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                      <orth>þrīvas</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Swedish</lang>
                        <orth>trivas</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
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