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  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *þunguz</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_þunguz</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_chu_teziku" xml:lang="chu" type="cognate">
          <orth>тѧжькъ</orth>
          <form type="translit">
            <orth>tęžĭkŭ</orth>
          </form>
          <def>idem</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_tengh_u_s_tngh_ew_s" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*téngʰ-u-s ~ *tn̥gʰ-éw-s</orth>
          <def>heavy; to pull back</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_lit_tingus" xml:lang="lit" type="cognate">
          <orth>tingùs</orth>
          <def>heavy</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_thunguz" type="adj" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/þunguz">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>þunguz</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈθuŋ.ɡuz</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚦᚢᚾᚷᚢᛉ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>adj</pos>
            <gram type="stem">u-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>heavy</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_tengh_u_s_tngh_ew_s"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_tengh_u_s_tngh_ew_s">*téngʰ-u-s ~ *tn̥gʰ-éw-s</ref></mentioned> (‘heavy; to pull back’), cognate with Lithuanian <mentioned xml:lang="lit" target="#cog_lit_tingus"><ref target="#cog_lit_tingus">tingùs</ref></mentioned> (‘heavy’), Old Church Slavonic <mentioned xml:lang="chu" target="#cog_chu_teziku"><ref target="#cog_chu_teziku">тѧжькъ</ref></mentioned> (tęžĭkŭ, ‘idem’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #masc #strong">
              <orth>þunguz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #fem #strong">
              <orth>þungī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #neut #strong">
              <orth>þungų, -jatō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #masc #strong">
              <orth>þungijai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #fem #strong">
              <orth>þungijôz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #neut #strong">
              <orth>þungijō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #masc #strong">
              <orth>þungijanǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #fem #strong">
              <orth>þungijǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #neut #strong">
              <orth>þungų, -jatō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #masc #strong">
              <orth>þungijanz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #fem #strong">
              <orth>þungijōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #neut #strong">
              <orth>þungijō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #masc #strong">
              <orth>þungijas, þungīs</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #fem #strong">
              <orth>þungijaizōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #neut #strong">
              <orth>þungijas, þungīs</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #masc #strong">
              <orth>þungijaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #fem #strong">
              <orth>þungijaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #neut #strong">
              <orth>þungijaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #masc #strong">
              <orth>þungijammai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #fem #strong">
              <orth>þungijaizōi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #neut #strong">
              <orth>þungijammai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #masc #strong">
              <orth>þungijaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #fem #strong">
              <orth>þungijaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #neut #strong">
              <orth>þungijaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #masc #strong">
              <orth>þungijanō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #fem #strong">
              <orth>þungijaizō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #neut #strong">
              <orth>þungijanō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #masc #strong">
              <orth>þungijaimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #fem #strong">
              <orth>þungijaimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #neut #strong">
              <orth>þungijaimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #masc #weak">
              <orth>þungijô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #fem #weak">
              <orth>þungijǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #neut #weak">
              <orth>þungijô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #masc #weak">
              <orth>þungijaniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #fem #weak">
              <orth>þungijōniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #neut #weak">
              <orth>þungijōnō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #masc #weak">
              <orth>þungijanų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #fem #weak">
              <orth>þungijōnų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #neut #weak">
              <orth>þungijô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #masc #weak">
              <orth>þungijanunz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #fem #weak">
              <orth>þungijōnunz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #neut #weak">
              <orth>þungijōnō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #masc #weak">
              <orth>þungīniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #fem #weak">
              <orth>þungijōniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #neut #weak">
              <orth>þungīniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #masc #weak">
              <orth>þungijanǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #fem #weak">
              <orth>þungijōnǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #neut #weak">
              <orth>þungijanǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #masc #weak">
              <orth>þungīni</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #fem #weak">
              <orth>þungijōni</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #neut #weak">
              <orth>þungīni</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #masc #weak">
              <orth>þungijammaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #fem #weak">
              <orth>þungijōmaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #neut #weak">
              <orth>þungijammaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #masc #weak">
              <orth>þungīnē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #fem #weak">
              <orth>þungijōnē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #neut #weak">
              <orth>þungīnē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #masc #weak">
              <orth>þungijammiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #fem #weak">
              <orth>þungijōmiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #neut #weak">
              <orth>þungijammiz</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>þungr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Danish</lang>
                    <orth>tung</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>tungur</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>þungur</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian</lang>
                    <orth>tung</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>tung</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
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