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    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *Þunraz</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_þunraz</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_lat_iuppiter_tonans" xml:lang="lat" type="cognate">
          <orth>Iuppiter Tonāns</orth>
          <def>Thundering Jupiter</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_thunraz" type="propn" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/Þunraz">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>Þunraz</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈθun.rɑz</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚦᚢᚾᚱᚨᛉ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>propn</pos>
            <gram type="gender">masculine</gram>
            <gram type="stem">a-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>Thor, god of thunder</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">Personification of *þunraz (‘thunder’). Identified with the Roman deity Jupiter by way of interpretatio germanica in Germanic weekday names (see Thursday), yet otherwise identified with Hercules by way of interpretatio romana. Compare Latin <mentioned xml:lang="lat" target="#cog_lat_iuppiter_tonans"><ref target="#cog_lat_iuppiter_tonans">Iuppiter Tonāns</ref></mentioned> (‘Thundering Jupiter’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom">
              <orth>Þunraz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc">
              <orth>Þunrą</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen">
              <orth>Þunras, Þunris</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat">
              <orth>Þunrai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr">
              <orth>Þunrō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #voc">
              <orth>Þunr</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*Þunr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>Thunær</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*Þunr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>Þunor, Þūr, Þor</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>English</lang>
                      <orth>Thunor</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*Þunr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>Donar</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>Donar</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>German</lang>
                      <orth>Donar</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Old High German</lang>
                      <orth>ᚹᛁᚷᛁᚦᛟᚾᚨᚱ (wigiþonar)</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*Þonr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>Thunær</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*Þonr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>Þunor, Þūr, Þor</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>English</lang>
                      <orth>Thunor</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*Þonr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>Donar</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>Donar</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>German</lang>
                      <orth>Donar</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Old High German</lang>
                      <orth>ᚹᛁᚷᛁᚦᛟᚾᚨᚱ (wigiþonar)</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-Norse</lang>
                  <orth>*ᚦᛟᚾᚨᚱᚨᛉ (*þonaraʀ)</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                    <orth>Þórr, ᚦᚢᚱ (þur), ᚦᚮᚱ (þor)</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Chinese</lang>
                      <orth>索爾 (suǒ'ěr), 索尔 (suǒ'ěr)</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>English</lang>
                      <orth>Thor</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Faroese</lang>
                      <orth>Tórur</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>French</lang>
                      <orth>Thor</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                      <orth>Þór</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Japanese</lang>
                      <orth>トール</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Korean</lang>
                      <orth>토르 (toreu)</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Norwegian</lang>
                      <orth>Tor</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Russian</lang>
                      <orth>Тор (Tor)</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-Norse</lang>
                  <orth>*ᚦᛟᚾᚨᚱᚨᛉ (*þonaraʀ)</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                    <orth>Þórr, ᚦᚢᚱ (þur), ᚦᚮᚱ (þor)</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Old Danish</lang>
                      <orth>Thor</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Danish</lang>
                        <orth>Tor, Thor</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-Norse</lang>
                  <orth>*ᚦᛟᚾᚨᚱᚨᛉ (*þonaraʀ)</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                    <orth>Þórr, ᚦᚢᚱ (þur), ᚦᚮᚱ (þor)</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                      <orth>Þōr</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Swedish</lang>
                        <orth>Tor</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-Norse</lang>
                  <orth>*ᚦᛟᚱᚨᛉ (*þoraʀ)</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                    <orth>Þórr, ᚦᚢᚱ (þur), ᚦᚮᚱ (þor)</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Chinese</lang>
                      <orth>索爾 (suǒ'ěr), 索尔 (suǒ'ěr)</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>English</lang>
                      <orth>Thor</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Faroese</lang>
                      <orth>Tórur</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>French</lang>
                      <orth>Thor</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                      <orth>Þór</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Japanese</lang>
                      <orth>トール</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Korean</lang>
                      <orth>토르 (toreu)</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Norwegian</lang>
                      <orth>Tor</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Russian</lang>
                      <orth>Тор (Tor)</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-Norse</lang>
                  <orth>*ᚦᛟᚱᚨᛉ (*þoraʀ)</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                    <orth>Þórr, ᚦᚢᚱ (þur), ᚦᚮᚱ (þor)</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Old Danish</lang>
                      <orth>Thor</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Danish</lang>
                        <orth>Tor, Thor</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-Norse</lang>
                  <orth>*ᚦᛟᚱᚨᛉ (*þoraʀ)</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                    <orth>Þórr, ᚦᚢᚱ (þur), ᚦᚮᚱ (þor)</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                      <orth>Þōr</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Swedish</lang>
                        <orth>Tor</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
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