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    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *þurftiz</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_þurftiz</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_san_trpti" xml:lang="san" type="cognate">
          <orth>तृप्ति</orth>
          <form type="translit">
            <orth>tṛpti</orth>
          </form>
          <def>satisfaction, contentment</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_thurftiz" type="noun" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/þurftiz">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>þurftiz</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈθurɸ.tiz</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚦᚢᚱᚠᛏᛁᛉ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>noun</pos>
            <gram type="gender">feminine</gram>
            <gram type="stem">i-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>need, necessity</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From *þurbaną (‘to need’) + *-þiz. Cognate with Sanskrit <mentioned xml:lang="san" target="#cog_san_trpti"><ref target="#cog_san_trpti">तृप्ति</ref></mentioned> (tṛpti, ‘satisfaction, contentment’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom">
              <orth>þurftiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom">
              <orth>þurftīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc">
              <orth>þurftį</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc">
              <orth>þurftinz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen">
              <orth>þurftīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen">
              <orth>þurftijǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat">
              <orth>þurftī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat">
              <orth>þurftimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr">
              <orth>þurftī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr">
              <orth>þurftimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #voc">
              <orth>þurfti</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #voc">
              <orth>þurftīz</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                  <orth>*threft</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>needdrift</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                  <orth>nēdthreft</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>needdrift</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                  <orth>thurft</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                  <orth>thuruft</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                  <orth>nōdthurft</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                  <orth>thurft</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>nooddurft, nooddorft, nooddruft, nooddroft, nooddorst</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>nooddruft</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Afrikaans</lang>
                        <orth>nooddruf</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old High German</lang>
                  <orth>durft</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                    <orth>durft</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>German</lang>
                      <orth>Durft, Notdurft</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old High German</lang>
                  <orth>duruft</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                    <orth>durft</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>German</lang>
                      <orth>Durft, Notdurft</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old High German</lang>
                  <orth>nōtdurft</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                    <orth>durft</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>German</lang>
                      <orth>Durft, Notdurft</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old High German</lang>
                  <orth>nōtduruft</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                    <orth>durft</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>German</lang>
                      <orth>Durft, Notdurft</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>þurft</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>þurft, nauðþurft</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                    <orth>turft</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>þurft</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>þorft, þyrft</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Swedish</lang>
                      <orth>-torft, nödtorft</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>þyrft</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>þurft, nauðþurft</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                    <orth>turft</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>þyrft</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>þorft, þyrft</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Swedish</lang>
                      <orth>-torft, nödtorft</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>nauðþurft</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>þurft, nauðþurft</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                    <orth>turft</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>nauðþurft</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>þorft, þyrft</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Swedish</lang>
                      <orth>-torft, nödtorft</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Gothic</lang>
                  <orth>𐌸𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍆𐍄𐍃 (þaurfts)</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Gothic</lang>
                  <orth>𐌽𐌰𐌿𐌳𐌹𐌸𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍆𐍄𐍃 (naudiþaurfts)</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
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