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  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *þurpą</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-02"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_þurpą</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_cym_tref" xml:lang="cym" type="cognate">
          <orth>tref</orth>
          <def>town, home</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_lat_trabs" xml:lang="lat" type="cognate">
          <orth>trabs</orth>
          <def>beam, rafter, roof, vessel</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_lit_troba" xml:lang="lit" type="cognate">
          <orth>trobà</orth>
          <def>farmhouse</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_thurpa" type="noun" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/þurpą">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>þurpą</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈθur.pɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚦᚢᚱᛈᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>noun</pos>
            <gram type="gender">neuter</gram>
            <gram type="stem">a-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>village, rural settlement</def>
          </sense>
          <sense n="2">
            <def>gathering of people, crowd</def>
          </sense>
          <sense n="3">
            <def>cleared land</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From Proto-Indo-European *trab-, *treb- (‘room, dwelling, settlement’). Cognate with Latin <mentioned xml:lang="lat" target="#cog_lat_trabs"><ref target="#cog_lat_trabs">trabs</ref></mentioned> (‘beam, rafter, roof, vessel’), Lithuanian <mentioned xml:lang="lit" target="#cog_lit_troba"><ref target="#cog_lit_troba">trobà</ref></mentioned> (‘farmhouse’), Welsh <mentioned xml:lang="cym" target="#cog_cym_tref"><ref target="#cog_cym_tref">tref</ref></mentioned> (‘town, home’), Albanian trevë (‘country, region, village’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom">
              <orth>þurpą</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom">
              <orth>þurpō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc">
              <orth>þurpą</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc">
              <orth>þurpō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen">
              <orth>þurpas, þurpis</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen">
              <orth>þurpǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat">
              <orth>þurpai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat">
              <orth>þurpamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr">
              <orth>þurpō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr">
              <orth>þurpamiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #voc">
              <orth>þurpą</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #voc">
              <orth>þurpō</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*þorp</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>thorp</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>dorp</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Limburgish</lang>
                        <orth>dörp</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*þorp</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>thorp</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>dorp</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>dorp</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>English</lang>
                          <orth>dorp</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Negerhollands</lang>
                          <orth>dorp</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Papiamentu</lang>
                          <orth>dorp</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Sranan Tongo</lang>
                          <orth>dorpu</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*þorp</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>thorp</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>dorp</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>dorp</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Afrikaans</lang>
                          <orth>dorp</orth>
                          <form type="descendant">
                            <lang>Fanagalo</lang>
                            <orth>dorop</orth>
                          </form>
                          <form type="descendant">
                            <lang>Sotho</lang>
                            <orth>toropo</orth>
                          </form>
                          <form type="descendant">
                            <lang>Tswana</lang>
                            <orth>toropo</orth>
                          </form>
                          <form type="descendant">
                            <lang>Venda</lang>
                            <orth>ḓorobo</orth>
                          </form>
                          <form type="descendant">
                            <lang>Xhosa</lang>
                            <orth>idolophu</orth>
                          </form>
                          <form type="descendant">
                            <lang>Zulu</lang>
                            <orth>idolobha</orth>
                          </form>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*þorp</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>thorp</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>dorp</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Middle Scots</lang>
                        <orth>dorp, drop</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Scots</lang>
                          <orth>dorp</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*þorp</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>þorp, þrop</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>thorp</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>thorp</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*þorp</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>thorp, therp</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>North Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>?</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Saterland Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>Täärp</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*þorp</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>thorp, therp</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>terp</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>terp</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*þorp</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>thorph, thorf, dorf, thorp</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>dorf, dorp</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Alemannic German</lang>
                        <orth>Dorf</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Central Franconian</lang>
                        <orth>Dörp, Dorp, Dorf</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>Dorf</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Luxembourgish</lang>
                        <orth>Duerf</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Mòcheno</lang>
                        <orth>dorf</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Vilamovian</lang>
                        <orth>diüf</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Yiddish</lang>
                        <orth>דאָרף (dorf)</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*þorp</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>thorp</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>dorp</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>-trop</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>North Frisian</lang>
                        <orth>Dörp</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Plautdietsch</lang>
                        <orth>Darp</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                        <orth>doarp</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*þorp</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>thorp</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>dorp</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German Low German</lang>
                        <orth>?</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Low Prussian</lang>
                          <orth>Dörp, Dorp, Derp</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*þorp</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>thorp</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>dorp</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German Low German</lang>
                        <orth>?</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Westphalian</lang>
                          <orth>?</orth>
                          <form type="descendant">
                            <lang>Münsterland</lang>
                            <orth>Duorp</orth>
                          </form>
                          <form type="descendant">
                            <lang>Paderborn</lang>
                            <orth>Doärp</orth>
                          </form>
                          <form type="descendant">
                            <lang>Sauerland</lang>
                            <orth>Duarp</orth>
                          </form>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*þorp</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Vulgar Latin</lang>
                    <orth>*tropus, *troppus</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Medieval Latin</lang>
                      <orth>troppus</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>þorp</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Danish</lang>
                    <orth>torp</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>torpur</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>þorp</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                    <orth>torp</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                    <orth>torp</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Northern French</lang>
                    <orth>torp</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>þorp</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>þorp</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Swedish</lang>
                      <orth>torp</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Gothic</lang>
                  <orth>𐌸𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍀 (þaurp)</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
</TEI>
