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    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *þurskaz</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-02"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_þurskaz</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_ters" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*ters-</orth>
          <def>dry</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_thurskaz" type="noun" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/þurskaz">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>þurskaz</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈθur.skɑz</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚦᚢᚱᛊᚲᚨᛉ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>noun</pos>
            <gram type="gender">masculine</gram>
            <gram type="stem">a-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>cod</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_ters"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_ters">*ters-</ref></mentioned> (‘to dry; wither; thirst’) + *-ḱos.</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom">
              <orth>þurskaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom">
              <orth>þurskōz, þurskōs</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc">
              <orth>þurską</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc">
              <orth>þurskanz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen">
              <orth>þurskas, þurskis</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen">
              <orth>þurskǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat">
              <orth>þurskai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat">
              <orth>þurskamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr">
              <orth>þurskō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr">
              <orth>þurskamiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #voc">
              <orth>þursk</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #voc">
              <orth>þurskōz, þurskōs</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>þorskr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>toskur</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>þorskur</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                    <orth>torsk, tosk</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Welsh</lang>
                    <orth>torsg</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>þorskr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>dorsch</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>dors</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>þorskr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Middle Irish</lang>
                    <orth>trosc</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Irish</lang>
                      <orth>trosc</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Scottish Gaelic</lang>
                      <orth>trosg</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>þorskr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                    <orth>dorsch</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>German Low German</lang>
                      <orth>Dorsk</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>þorskr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                    <orth>dorsch</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>dorsch</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>Dorsch</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Polish</lang>
                          <orth>dorsz</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>þorskr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Danish</lang>
                    <orth>thorsk</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Danish</lang>
                      <orth>torsk, tosk</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                        <orth>torsk, tosk</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>þorskr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>þorsker</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Swedish</lang>
                      <orth>torsk</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>torsk</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>þoskr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>toskur</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>þorskur</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                    <orth>torsk, tosk</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Welsh</lang>
                    <orth>torsg</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>þoskr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>dorsch</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>dors</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>þoskr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Middle Irish</lang>
                    <orth>trosc</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Irish</lang>
                      <orth>trosc</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Scottish Gaelic</lang>
                      <orth>trosg</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>þoskr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                    <orth>dorsch</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>German Low German</lang>
                      <orth>Dorsk</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>þoskr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                    <orth>dorsch</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>dorsch</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>Dorsch</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Polish</lang>
                          <orth>dorsz</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>þoskr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Danish</lang>
                    <orth>thorsk</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Danish</lang>
                      <orth>torsk, tosk</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                        <orth>torsk, tosk</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>þoskr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>þorsker</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Swedish</lang>
                      <orth>torsk</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>torsk</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-Finnic</lang>
                  <orth>*turska</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Estonian</lang>
                    <orth>tursk</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Finnish</lang>
                    <orth>turska</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Livonian</lang>
                    <orth>tūrska</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
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