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  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *ēbanþāną</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_ēbanþāną</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_ebanthana" type="verb" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/ēbanþāną">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>ēbanþāną</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈɛː.βɑn.θɑː.nɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᛖᛒᚨᚾᚦᚨᚾᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>verb</pos>
            <gram type="class">Weak class 3</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>to become evening</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From<mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto" target="#pgmc_ebanths"><ref target="#pgmc_ebanths">*ēbanþs</ref></mentioned>(‘evening’) +<mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto">*-āną</mentioned>(forms stative - fientive, denominative, and factitive verbs (Weak class 3)).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>ēbanþō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>ēbanþaisi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>ēbanþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>ēbanþāsai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>ēbanþaiþi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>ēbanþāþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>ēbanþāþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>ēbanþōs</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>ēbanþāþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>ēbanþāþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>ēbanþāmaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>ēbanþānþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>ēbanþaiþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>ēbanþaiþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>ēbanþānþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>ēbanþānþi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>ēbanþānþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>ēbanþānþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #sg">
              <orth>ēbanþadǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #sg">
              <orth>ēbanþadēdį̄</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #sg">
              <orth>ēbanþadēz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #sg">
              <orth>ēbanþadēdīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #sg">
              <orth>ēbanþadē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #sg">
              <orth>ēbanþadēdī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #du">
              <orth>ēbanþadēdū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #du">
              <orth>ēbanþadēdīw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #du">
              <orth>ēbanþadēdudiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #du">
              <orth>ēbanþadēdīdiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #pl">
              <orth>ēbanþadēdum</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #pl">
              <orth>ēbanþadēdīm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #pl">
              <orth>ēbanþadēdud</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #pl">
              <orth>ēbanþadēdīd</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #pl">
              <orth>ēbanþadēdun</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #pl">
              <orth>ēbanþadēdīn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="present">
              <orth>ēbanþāndz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="past">
              <orth>ēbanþadaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="infinitive">
              <orth>ēbanþāną</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*ābanþēn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>ǣfnian, ǣfenian</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*ābanþēn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*avondon</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>*avonden</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>avonden</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*ābanþēn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>abandēn</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>abenden</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>abenden</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>aptna</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>aftna, eftna</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>aftna</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Danish</lang>
                    <orth>aftnes</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>aftnas</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
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