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    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *īdalaz</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_īdalaz</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_cym_ial" xml:lang="cym" type="cognate">
          <orth>iâl</orth>
          <def>clearing, glade</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_lav_jels" xml:lang="lav" type="cognate">
          <orth>jēls</orth>
          <def>raw, uncooked</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_idalaz" type="adj" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/īdalaz">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>īdalaz</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈiː.ðɑ.lɑz</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᛁᛞᚨᛚᚨᛉ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>adj</pos>
            <gram type="stem">a-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>idle, void, unused</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">A denominative adjective, from pre-Germanic *ih₁-tlo- or *ih₁tolos, from Proto-Indo-European *yeh₁-. Related to Russian я́ловый (jálovyj, ‘barren’), Latvian <mentioned xml:lang="lav" target="#cog_lav_jels"><ref target="#cog_lav_jels">jēls</ref></mentioned> (‘raw, uncooked’), Welsh <mentioned xml:lang="cym" target="#cog_cym_ial"><ref target="#cog_cym_ial">iâl</ref></mentioned> (‘clearing, glade’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #masc #strong">
              <orth>īdalaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #fem #strong">
              <orth>īdalō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #neut #strong">
              <orth>īdalą, -atō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #masc #strong">
              <orth>īdalai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #fem #strong">
              <orth>īdalôz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #neut #strong">
              <orth>īdalō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #masc #strong">
              <orth>īdalanǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #fem #strong">
              <orth>īdalǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #neut #strong">
              <orth>īdalą, -atō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #masc #strong">
              <orth>īdalanz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #fem #strong">
              <orth>īdalōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #neut #strong">
              <orth>īdalō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #masc #strong">
              <orth>īdalas, -is</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #fem #strong">
              <orth>īdalaizōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #neut #strong">
              <orth>īdalas, -is</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #masc #strong">
              <orth>īdalaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #fem #strong">
              <orth>īdalaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #neut #strong">
              <orth>īdalaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #masc #strong">
              <orth>īdalammai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #fem #strong">
              <orth>īdalaizōi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #neut #strong">
              <orth>īdalammai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #masc #strong">
              <orth>īdalaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #fem #strong">
              <orth>īdalaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #neut #strong">
              <orth>īdalaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #masc #strong">
              <orth>īdalanō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #fem #strong">
              <orth>īdalaizō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #neut #strong">
              <orth>īdalanō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #masc #strong">
              <orth>īdalaimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #fem #strong">
              <orth>īdalaimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #neut #strong">
              <orth>īdalaimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #masc #weak">
              <orth>īdalô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #fem #weak">
              <orth>īdalǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #neut #weak">
              <orth>īdalô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #masc #weak">
              <orth>īdalaniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #fem #weak">
              <orth>īdalōniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #neut #weak">
              <orth>īdalōnō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #masc #weak">
              <orth>īdalanų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #fem #weak">
              <orth>īdalōnų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #neut #weak">
              <orth>īdalô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #masc #weak">
              <orth>īdalanunz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #fem #weak">
              <orth>īdalōnunz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #neut #weak">
              <orth>īdalōnō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #masc #weak">
              <orth>īdaliniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #fem #weak">
              <orth>īdalōniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #neut #weak">
              <orth>īdaliniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #masc #weak">
              <orth>īdalanǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #fem #weak">
              <orth>īdalōnǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #neut #weak">
              <orth>īdalanǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #masc #weak">
              <orth>īdalini</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #fem #weak">
              <orth>īdalōni</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #neut #weak">
              <orth>īdalini</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #masc #weak">
              <orth>īdalammaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #fem #weak">
              <orth>īdalōmaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #neut #weak">
              <orth>īdalammaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #masc #weak">
              <orth>īdalinē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #fem #weak">
              <orth>īdalōnē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #neut #weak">
              <orth>īdalinē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #masc #weak">
              <orth>īdalammiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #fem #weak">
              <orth>īdalōmiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #neut #weak">
              <orth>īdalammiz</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old English</lang>
                  <orth>īdel</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Middle English</lang>
                    <orth>ydel, idel, idil, idill, idul, idyl, idyll, ydell, ydil, ydill, ydul, ydull</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>English</lang>
                      <orth>idle</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Scots</lang>
                      <orth>idle</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                  <orth>īdel</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                  <orth>īdal</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                    <orth>îdel</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>German Low German</lang>
                      <orth>iedel</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                  <orth>īdil</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>idel</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>ijdel</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Afrikaans</lang>
                        <orth>ydel, yl</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Negerhollands</lang>
                        <orth>iedel</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                  <orth>īdel</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>idel</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>ijdel</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Afrikaans</lang>
                        <orth>ydel, yl</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Negerhollands</lang>
                        <orth>iedel</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old High German</lang>
                  <orth>ītal</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                    <orth>ītel</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>German</lang>
                      <orth>eitel</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
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