Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *-ōScott K. ShayWardja Presshttps://protogermanic.org/pgmc_ō
Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.
PIE -eh2 as an “individualizing” suffix and the feminine genderH. CraigMelchertSergioNeriRolandSchuhmannStudies on the collective and feminine in Indo-European from a diachronic and typological perspectiveBrill257–2712014From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English, 2nd edition)DonRingeOxfordOxford University Press2017*-éh₂forms collective nouns and mass nouns, corresponding to thematic formations with accent on the suffix; forms action nouns and abstract nouns-आforms agentive nouns and adjectives with possessive meaning or showing a property-aforms feminine first-declension nouns*-h₂forms collective nouns, which refer to groups or sets.
suffixnounfeminineō-stemforms feminine ō-stem nouns from roots and stems, including concrete nouns, person nouns, and abstract/action/result nounsserves as the regular feminine counterpart to masculine/neuter a-stems in Proto-GermanicFrom Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂, especially in formations analyzable as thematic *-e/o-+*-h₂. This was a feminine-forming suffix, creating feminine counterparts to o-stem adjectives and nouns, and also forming inherited feminine abstract, action, and concrete nouns. Its relationship to collective forming suffix *-h₂ is real but is not the sole source of the feminine suffix Melchert 2014Ringe 2017: 91–92, 221, 299–303. Cognate with Latin -a, Ancient Greek -ᾱ/-η (-ā/-ē), Sanskrit -आ, Proto-Slavic *-a, Proto-Celtic *-ā, and Latvian and Lithuanian -a, all with similar roles deriving feminine nouns from masculine ones and deriving abstract nouns.