References
Works cited in the dictionary's etymologies (391 sources), in LSA style, alphabetical by the first author's surname.
Starting at L. Start from the beginning
L
Le Feuvre, Claire. 2026. *-tero- derivatives from nouns in Indo-European languages: semantics and reconstruction. Thinking Indo-European: Meaning and Form in Historical Linguistics and Comparative Reconstruction, May 19-21, 2026. Milan: Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore.
Le Mair, Esther. 2011. Secondary verbs in Old Irish: A comparative-historical study of patterns of verbal derivation in the Old Irish glosses. Galway: dissertation.
Lehmann, Winfred P. 1942. The Indo-European dh-Determinative in Germanic. Language 18.125–32.
Lehmann, Winfred P. 1986a. A Gothic Etymological Dictionary. Brill.
Lehmann, Winfred P. 1986b. A Grammar of Proto-Germanic. University of Texas Press.
Lewis, Charlton T., and Charles Short. 1879. A Latin dictionary. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Lexer, Matthias. 1869. Mittelhochdeutsches Handwörterbuch. Vol. 1. Leipzig: Verlag von S. Hirzel.
Liberman, Anatoly. 2016. In prayer and laughter: Essays on medieval Scandinavian and Germanic mythology, literature, and culture. Paleograph Press.
Liberman, Anatoly. 2020. Some of our tools: “awl”. Online: https://blog.oup.com/2020/03/some-of-our-tools-awl
Lindroth, Hjalmar. 1917. Onomatologiska anmärkningar till T. E. Karstens Germanisch-finnische Lehnwortstudien. Namn och bygd 5.19–52.
Lloyd, Albert L., and Rosemarie Lühr. 2007. Etymological Dictionary of Old High German III. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht.
Lloyd, Albert L.; Rosemarie Lühr; and Otto Springer. 1998. Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Althochdeutschen II. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht. Online: https://ewa.saw-leipzig.de/de
Lloyd, Albert L., and Otto Springer. 1988. Althochdeutsches Wörterbuch [Old High German dictionary. Vol. Vols. 1–5. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht.
Lockwood, W. B. 1974. Faroese bird-name origins (IV). Fróðskaparrit 22, 107–17.
Loma, Aleksandar. 2017. Proto-Indo-European -intro-, -dhro- in Common Slavic? Jezikoslovni zapiski [Linguistic Notes 23.171–97.
Love, Jeffrey; Inger Larsson; and Ulrika Djärv. 2020. A Lexicon of Medieval Nordic Law. Cambridge: Open Book Publishers.
Lubotsky, Alexander. 2023. Indo-European and Indo-Iranian wagon terminology and the date of the Indo-Iranian split. The Indo-European Puzzle Revisited: Integrating Archaeology, Genetics, and Linguistics, ed. by Kristian Kristiansen, Guus Kroonen, and Eske Willerslev, 257–62. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Lühr, Rosemarie. 1989. Zum Sprachtod einer Restsprache: Zwei ausgestorbene Wörter aus der Lex Baiuvariorum. Germanische Rest- und Trümmersprachen (Ergänzungsbände zum Reallexikon der Germanischen Altertumskunde 3), vol. 3, ed. by Heinrich Beck, 45–68. Berlin & New York: Walter de Gruyter.
Lühr, Rosemarie. 1995. Zur Umfunktionierung von UND und ODER zu Fragesatzpartikeln im Litauischen. Linguistica Baltica 4.119–30.
Lühr, Rosemarie. 2017. Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Althochdeutschen VI. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht.
Lühr, Rosemarie. 2024. Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Althochdeutschen, vol. VIII. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht.
Luján, Eugenio R. 2019. On Indo-European superlative suffixes. Indogermanische Forschungen 124.305–42.
Luraghi, Silvia. 2009. Indo-European nominal classification: From abstract to feminine. Proceedings of the 20th Annual UCLA Indo-European Conference, ed. by Stephanie W. Jamison, H. Craig Melchert, and Brent Vine. Bremen: Hempen.
M
Mächler, Patrick. 2017. Zu germ. *ē¹ im Präteritum der germanischen starken Verben. Synchronie und Diachronie Diskussionsforum Linguistik/Bavarian Working Papers in Linguistics 6, 33–59.
Magnússon, Ásgeir Blöndal (ed.) 1989. Íslensk orðsifjabók. Reykjavik: Orðabók Háskólans.
Mailhammer, Robert. 2007. The Germanic strong verbs: foundations and development of a new system. Berlin, New York: Mouton de Gruyter.
Majer, Marek. 2021. The Prehistory of the Proto-Slavic Abstract Suffix *-ostь and Its Baltic Congeners. Scando-Slavica 67(2), 203–26.
Mallory, J. P., and D. Q. Adams. 2006. The Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European World. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Mallory, James P., and Douglas Q. Adams (eds.) 1997. Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture. Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers.
Markey, Thomas L., and Bernard Mees. 2014. Early Nordic alu and al- ‘to nourish’. Journal of Indo-European Studies, 1–17.
Martirosyan, Hrach. 2010. Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 8). Brill.
Martzloff, Vincent, and Barbora Machajdíková. 2023. Eichner’s law in Latin, Greek and beyond: Some neglected evidence. Journal of Latin Linguistics 22(1), 81–130. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/joll-2023-2003
Matasović, Ranko. 2009a. Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 9). Brill.
Matasović, Ranko. 2009b. A Grammatical Sketch of Classical Armenian. Zagreb.
Matasović, Ranko. 2014. Slavic nominal word-formation: Proto-Indo-European origins and historical development (Empirie und Theorie der Sprachwissenschaft 3). Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter.
Matasović, Ranko. 2017. Latin presents in -t- and the etymologies of necto ‘to weave, bind’ and flecto ‘to bend, curve’. Pallas 103.37–44.
Matasović, Ranko. 2018. Proto-Slavic *ędro 'kernel, core' and *ědro 'bosom'. Od dvojbe do razdvojbe. Zbornik radova u čast profesorici Branki Tafri.
Matasović, Ranko. 2020. Language of the bird names and the pre-Indo-European substratum. Loanwords and Substrata: Proceedings of the Colloquium Held in Limoges, 5th–7th June 2018, 331–44.
Matasović, Ranko. 2022. Four Latin etymologies: volgus, laedo, paedor, merx. Latina & Graeca 41.7–16.
Matasović, Ranko. 2024. Proto-Slavic forest tree names: Substratum or Proto-Indo-European origin? Sub-Indo-European Europe: Problems, Methods, Results, ed. by Guus Kroonen, 49–64. Berlin & Boston: De Gruyter Mouton. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/9783111337920-003
Mattioli, Vittorio. 2018. Grímnismál: A Critical Edition. dissertation. Online: http://hdl.handle.net/10023/12219
Mayrhofer, Manfred. 1992. Etymologisches Wörterbuch Des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan. Vol. 1. Carl Winter Universitätsverlag.
Mayrhofer, Manfred. 1996. Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen. Vol. 2. Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag C. Winter.
Mažiulis, Vytautas. 1996. Prūsų kalbos etimologijos žodynas. Vol. 3. Mokslo ir enciklopedijų leidykla.
McCone, Kim. 1995. Oir. Senchae, Senchaid and Preliminaries on Agent Noun Formation in Celtic. Ériu 46, 1–10.
McCone, Kim. 1998. King’ and ‘queen’ in Celtic and Indo-European. Ériu 49.1–12.
Medrano Duque, Marcos. 2025. Protocelta bedo- ‘canal, mina’ y sus derivados: nuevos testimonios en celta antiguo. Cuadernos de Filología Clásica. Estudios Griegos e Indoeuropeos 35, 23–32.
Mees, Bernard. 2022a. Two difficult forms on the Tune memorial. European Journal of Scandinavian Studies 52.281–98. Online: https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/ejss-2022-2011/html. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/ejss-2022-2011
Mees, Bernard. 2022b. Batavian Pero and Germanic *perō ‘pear’. Amsterdamer Beiträge zur älteren Germanistik.
Mees, Bernard. 2023a. Early epigraphic evidence for Germanic weak class-III verbs. Beiträge zur Geschichte der deutschen Sprache und Literatur 145, n. 3.347–64. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/bgsl-2023-0023