References
Works cited in the dictionary's etymologies (391 sources), in LSA style, alphabetical by the first author's surname.
A
Adams, Douglas Q. 2013. A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged. 2nd ed. Amsterdam/New York: Rodopi.
Adams, Douglas Q. 2025. Indeterminacy in etymology: Reconstructing the PIE word for ‘sheep,’ with notes also on Tocharian B ās ‘goat’ and PIE h₂éwis ‘bird’. Çağdaş Dilbilim Yazıları I, 5–12.
Ahlqvist, Anders. 1972. Notes on the Silesian Lugi. Arctos: Acta Philologica Fennica 7, 5–12.
Aikio, Ante. 2006. On Germanic-Saami contacts and Saami prehistory. Suomalais-Ugrilaisen Seuran Aikakauskirja 91.9–55.
Aikio, Ante. 2012. An essay on Saami ethnolinguistic prehistory. A linguistic map of prehistoric northern Europe, ed. by Riho Grünthal and Petri Kallio, 63–117. Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura.
Aikio, Ante. 2020. Loanwords from unattested Nordic source forms in Saami. Finnisch-Ugrische Forschungen 65.5–24.
Aikio, Ante. 2024. Are there Proto-Slavic loanwords in Saami? Finnisch-Ugrische Forschungen 69, 5–40.
Aikio, Ante. 2025. Two strata of Proto-Norse loanwords in Saami: Evidence for an extinct Norse variety. Paper presented at Congressus XIV Internationalis Fenno-Ugristarum. University of Tartu.
Ambrazas, Saulius. 1994. Baltų priesaga -ingas ir germanų -ing. Baltistica 29.29–32. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15388/Baltistica.29.1.324
Andersson, Thorsten. 2003. Personennamen. Reallexikon der Germanischen Altertumskunde, vol. 22, ed. by Heinrich Beck, Dieter Geuenich, and Heiko Steuer, 589–614. Berlin and New York: Walter de Gruyter.
Andersson, Thorsten. 2009. Germanische Personennamen vor indogermanischem Hintergrund. Namen des Frühmittelalters als sprachliche Zeugnisse und als Geschichtsquellen, ed. by Albrecht Greule and Matthias Springer, 9–26. Berlin and New York: Walter de Gruyter.
B
Bailey, Christopher Gordon. 1997. The Etymology of the Old High German Weak Verb. Newcastle University.
Bammesberger, Alfred. 1999. Der Anfang der Botorrita Inschrift. Akten des zweiten deutschen Keltologen-Symposiums, ed. by Arndt Wigger, 23–31. De Gruyter.
Barðdal, Jóhanna, and Thórhallur Eythórsson. 2020. How to identify cognates in syntax? Taking Watkins’ legacy one step further. Reconstructing syntax, ed. by Spike Gildea and Eugenio Luján, 197–238. Leiden: Brill.
Bede. 1999. The reckoning of time. Ed. by Trans. by Faith Wallis. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press.
Beekes, Robert. 1996a. Ancient European Loanwords. Historische Sprachforschung / Historical Linguistics 109.215–36.
Beekes, Robert. 2010. Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 10/1). Brill.
Beekes, Robert S. P. 1998. The origin of Latin aqua, and of teutā ‘people’. Journal of Indo-European Studies 26.459–66.
Beeler, Madison S. 1961. A New Etymology: Germanic erma/in(a)- Reconsidered. Dichtung und Deutung: Gedächtnisschrift für Hans M. Wolff. Francke Verlag.
Bennett, William H. 1962. The parent suffix in Germanic weak verbs of class III. Language 38.135–41. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/410873
Bernard, Chams Benoît. 2025. Like Dust on the Silk Road: On the Earliest Iranian and BMAC Loanwords in Tocharian. Leiden Studies in Indo-European 27. Leiden & Boston: Brill.
Bichlmeier, Harald. 2014. Österreichische Namenforschung 42. Ammerbach und etymologisch Verwandtes, 22–34.
Bichlmeier, Harald. 2015. Neue etymologische Vorschläge zu zwei Flussnamensippen der `Alteuropäischen Hydronymie': Elbe und Sinn, Shannon, San/Sjan. Diachronie und Sprachvergleich: Beiträge aus der Arbeitsgruppe «historisch-vergleichende Sprachwissenschaft» bei der 40. Österreichischen Linguistiktagung 2013 in Salzburg, vol. 150, ed. by Thomas Krisch and Stefan Niederreiter, 91–100. Innsbruck: Institut für Sprachen und Literaturen der Universität Innsbruck, Bereich Sprachwissenschaft.
Bichlmeier, Harald, and Václav Blažek. 2014. Labe – k pramenům hydronyma. Linguistica Brunensia 62.17–28.
Bichlmeier, Harald, and Andreas Opfermann. 2011. Ein neuer Vorschlag zur Etymologie des Flussnamens Unstrut. Namenkundliche Informationen 99/100.173–204.
Bjorvand, Harald. 2007. The etymology of English ale. Journal of Indo-European Studies 35(1–2), 1–8.
Blažek. 2023. Old Germanic languages: Historical and grammatical survey. Brno: Masaryk University Press.
Blažek, Václav. 1998. Indo-European “eight”. Historische Sprachforschung 111.209–24.
Blažek, Václav. 2014. Nádoby určené k pití v indoevropském slovníku [Vessels intended for drinking in the Indo-European lexicon. Linguistica Brunensia 62.67–76.
Blažek, Václav. 2017. Indo-European bear. Historical Linguistics 130.148–92.
Blažek, Václav. 2024. Mže a hydronyma jejího povodí ve světle etymologie. Acta Universitatis Carolinae Philologica 2024(1), 59–70.
Blažek, Václav. 2026. East Baltic ‘father-in-law’ and ‘mother-in-law’. Acta Linguistica Lithuanica 94, 1–7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.35321/all94-02
Bliss, Alan. 1985. The Aviones and Widsith 26a. Anglo-Saxon England, vol. 14, 97–106. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0263675100001290
Borissoff, Constantine Leo. 2021. On the etymology of Proto-Slavonic běda. Trudy Instituta Russkogo Iazyka imeni V. V. Vinogradova 4(30), 20–37.
Bosworth, Joseph, and T. Northcote Toller. 2014. An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary Online. Ed. by Ed Christ Sean and Ondřej Tichý. Prague: Faculty of Arts, Charles University.
Boutkan, Dirk, and Sjoerd M. Siebinga. 2005. Old Frisian Etymological Dictionary (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 1). Brill.
Braune, Wilhelm, and Ingo Reiffenstein. 2004. Althochdeutsche Grammatik. Tübingen: M. Niemeyer.
Brugmann, Karl. 1892. Grundriss der vergleichenden Grammatik der indogermanischen Sprachen: Zweiter Band: Wortbildungslehre (Stammbildungs- und Flexionslehre). Karl J. Trübner.
Brugmann, Karl. 1970. Kurze vergleichende Grammatik der indogermanischen Sprachen. Walter de Gruyter.
Buyaner, David B. 2026. Etymology of some Indo-Iranian cultural terms and the Indo-Iranian substratum theory. I. Indo-Iranian *Hišti- / *Hišta- ‘brick’. Indo-Iranian Languages 2(1), 129–66.
Byrd, Andrew M. 2015. The Indo-European Syllable (Brill's Studies in Indo-European Languages & Linguistics; 15). Leiden: Brill.
C
Carr, Charles T. 1939. Nominal compounds in Germanic. London: Oxford University Press.
Cathey, James E. 2000. Old Saxon (Languages of the World/Materials 252. Munich: Lincom Europa.
Cathey, James E. 2002. Hêliand: Text and commentary. (Medieval European Studies 2.). Morgantown: West Virginia University Press.
Catt, Adam. 2014. The Derivational Histories of Avestan aēsma- ‘firewood’ and Vedic idhmá- ‘id. Proceedings of the 25th Annual UCLA Indo-European Conference, October 25th and 26th, ed. by Stephanie W. Jamison, H. Craig Melchert, and Brent Vine, 39–48. Bremen: Hempen.
Cerri, Adriano. 2024. Sulla motivazione semantica dei somatonimi lituani di eredità indoeuropea. AION-L n.s. 13, 31–60.
Cheung, Johnny (ed.) 2007. Etymological dictionary of the Iranian verb. Leiden: Brill.
Cheung, Johnny, and Hakan Aydemir. 2015. Turco-Afghanica: On East Iranian *amarnā and Turkic *alma, alïmla, almïla ‘apple’. Na pastbishche mysli blagoj: Sbornik statej k jubileju I. M. Steblin-Kamenskogo, 73–94.
Clark Hall, John R. 1916. A concise Anglo-Saxon dictionary. 2nd edn. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Cleasby, Richard, and Gudbrand Vigfusson. 1874. An Icelandic-English dictionary. Oxford: Clarendon Press.