References

Works cited in the dictionary's etymologies (391 sources), in LSA style, alphabetical by the first author's surname.

Starting at N. Start from the beginning

N

Neckel, Gustav. 1914. Edda: Die Lieder des Codex Regius nebst verwandten Denkmälern. Heidelberg: Winter.

Nedoma, Robert. 2004. Personennamen in südgermanischen Runeninschriften: Studien zur altgermanischen Namenkunde I,1,1. Universitätsverlag Winter: Heidelberg.

Nedoma, Robert. 2018. Germanic personal names before AD 1000 and their elements referring to birds of prey: With an emphasis upon the runic inscription in the eastern Swedish Vallentuna-Rickeby burial. Raptor and Human: Falconry and Bird Symbolism throughout the Millennia on a Global Scale, vol. 4, 1583–602.

Neri, Sergio. 2003. I sostantivi in -u del gotico: morfologia e preistoria. Innsbruck: Univ. Innsbruck, Inst. für Sprachen und Literaturen.

Neri, Sergio. 2007. Cadere e abbattere in indoeuropeo: Sull’etimologia di tedesco fallen, latino aboleō e greco ἀπόλλυμι. Institut für Sprachwissenschaft der Universität Innsbruck.

Neri, Sergio. 2009. Rezensionsaufsatz: Ringe, Don, A linguistic history of English. Volume I: From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic. Kratylos 54(1), 1–13. DOI: https://doi.org/10.29091/KRATYLOS/2009/1/1

Neri, Sergio. 2016. Germanische Etymologie: Besprechung von Kroonen 2013. Kratylos 61, 1–51. DOI: https://doi.org/10.29091/KRATYLOS/2016/1/1

Neri, Sergio. 2017. Wetter: Etymologie und Lautgesetz. 2nd revised and expanded edn. Perugia: Università degli Studi di Perugia.

Ngomo Fernández, Esteban. 2025. Estudio lingüístico del antropónimo hispano-céltico Ambatus. Myrtia 40, 117–29.

Nielsen, Rasmus T. 2023. Prehistoric loanwords in Armenian: Hurro-Urartian, Kartvelian, and the unclassified substrate. Doctoral dissertation.

Norbruis, Stefan. 2021. Indo-European origins of Anatolian morphology and semantics: Innovations and archaisms in Hittite, Luwian and Lycian. Amsterdam: LOT.

Nuti, Andrea. 2023. Per l’etimologia e la storia dei bagaudi. Atti del Sodalizio Glottologico Milanese 16 n.s., 97–116.

O

Obrador-Cursach, Bartomeu. 2020. The Phrygian Language. Handbook of Oriental Studies 139. Leiden & Boston: Brill.

Obrador-Cursach, Bartomeu. 2021. The closing formula of the Old Phrygian epitaph B-07 in the light of the Aramaic KAI 318: A case of textual convergence in Daskyleion. Anatolian Studies 71, 47–58.

Olander, Thomas. 2023. Linguistic Phylogenetics and Words for Metals in Indo‑European. The Indo-European Puzzle Revisited, ed. by Kristian Kristiansen, Guus Kroonen, and Eske Willerslev, 93–104. Cambridge University Press. Online: https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/9781009261753%23CN-bp-7/type/book_part. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009261753.011

Olsen, Birgit A. 1988. The Proto-Indo-European Instrument Noun Suffix and its Variants. Historisk-filosofiske Meddelelser 55. Det Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskab.

Olsen, Birgit Anette. 1999. The noun in Biblical Armenian: origin and word-formation with special emphasis on the Indo-European heritage. Berlin New York: Mouton de Gruyter.

Olsen, Birgit Anette. 2020. Kin, clan and community in Proto-Indo-European society. Kin, clan and community in Indo-European society, ed. by Benedicte Nielsen Whitehead and Janus Bahs Jacquet, 39–180. Copenhagen: Museum Tusculanum Press.

Onions, Charles T. (ed.) 1996. The Oxford dictionary of English etymology. Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press.

Orel, Vladimir. 2003. A Handbook of Germanic Etymology. Brill.

Orkisz, Jan H. 2016. Pole-weapons in the Sagas of Icelanders: A comparison of literary and archaeological sources. Acta Periodica Duellatorum 4, 177–212.

Osthoff, Hermann. 1910. Zur Entlabialisierung der Labiovelare im Keltischen. Indogermanische Forschungen 27.161–93.

Ozoliņš, Kaspars. 2015. Revisiting Proto-Indo-European Schwebeablaut. Unpublished dissertation.

P

Page, R. I. 1999. The Icelandic rune-poem. London: Viking Soc. for Northern Research [u.a.].

Palmér, Axel I. 2025. Indo-Slavic lexical isoglosses and the prehistoric dispersal of Indo-Iranian. Leiden: Brill. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004731851

Parkhaeva, Maria Pavlovna. 2024. Aegilops in botanical treatises of Theophrastus. Litera 7.231–43. DOI: https://doi.org/10.25136/2409-8698.2024.7.71304

Peled, Ilan. 2025. Black and White: A Tale of Two Gates in the Hittite Ritual of Tunnawi for Curing Genital Disorders. KASKAL n.s. 2, 27–34. DOI: https://doi.org/10.30687/KASKAL/2036-5845/2025/01/007

Pentangelo, Joseph. 2021. Phonesthetics and the etymologies of blood and bone. English Language and Linguistics 25.225–55.

Peterson, Lena. 2004. Lexikon över urnordiska personnamn. Uppsala: Institutet för språk och folkminnen.

Peterson, Lena. 2007. Nordiskt runnamnslexikon. 5th revised edition. Uppsala: Institutet för språk och folkminnen.

Petit, Daniel. 2010a. Untersuchungen zu den baltischen Sprachen. Leiden, Boston: Brill.

Petit, Daniel. 2010b. Suffix transfer in Baltic. Baltistica 45(2), 173–84.

Philippa, Marlies; Frans Debrabandere; Arend Quak; Tanneke Schoonheim; and Nicoline Sijs. 2003. Etymologisch woordenboek van het Nederlands. Amsterdam University Press.

Pimenova, Natalia B. 2022. Die gotischen Adjektive andanemeigs–andanems ‘empfangend–angenehm’, audags–audahafts ‘glücklich’ und ihre althochdeutschen semantischen Parallelen. Indoevropejskoe âzykoznanie i klassičeskaâ filologiâ 26(2), 952–68.

Pinault, Georges-Jean. 2019a. One century of heteroclitic inflection. Hrozný and Hittite: The First Hundred Years, ed. by Ronald I. Kim, Jana Mynářová, and Peter Pavúk, 295–316. Leiden: Brill.

Pinault, Georges-Jean. 2019b. Hittite ḫaššu- ‘king’ and the Indo-Iranian ásura-Problem. QAZZU warrai. Anatolian and Indo-European Studies in Honor of Kazuhiko Yoshida, 292–302.

Pisani, Vittore. 1976. Tasche und Flasche. Zeitschrift Für Vergleichende Sprachforschung 90.18–19.

Pisaniello, Valerio. 2021. The Lycian toponym Κάδρεμα and the Anatolian wheat. Studies in the languages and language contact in Pre-Hellenistic Anatolia, 67–80.

Piwowarczyk, Dariusz R. 2014. The Proto-Indo-European root for ‘apple’ and the problem of comparative reconstruction. Studia Etymologica Cracoviensia 19, 161–67.

Piwowarczyk, Dariusz R. 2022. The Latin -iēs/-ia Inflection: Synchronic Evidence and Diachronic Origin. Kraków: Jagiellonian University Press.

Pokorny, Julius. 1959. Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch. Vol. I. Francke Verlag.

Pons-Sanz, Sara M. 2024. Norse-derived terms in the Ormulum: A reappraisal. Leeds: Arc Humanities Press.

Pooth, Roland A. 2018. There will be ‘blood’: The etymology of Greek ὀπώρα and Proto-Germanic *asani- and the function of the o-grade in Proto-Indo-European. FIU Research Comment.

Pronk, Tijmen. 2013. Notes on Balto-Slavic etymology: Russian norov, mjat’, ruž’ë, dialectal xajat’ ‘to care’, xovat’ ‘to keep’ and their Slavic and Baltic cognates. Wiener Slavistisches Jahrbuch 1, 294–303. DOI: https://doi.org/10.13173/wienslavjahr.1.2013.0294

Pronk, Tijmen. 2015. Singulative n-stems in Indo-European. Transactions of the Philological Society, 113 113.327–48. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-968X.12058

Pronk, Tijmen. 2019. Proto-Indo-European *a. Indo-European Linguistics 7.122–63. Online: https://brill.com/view/journals/ieul/7/1/article-p122_4.xml. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1163/22125892-00701002

Pronk, Tijmen. 2021. Indo-European secondary products terminology and the dating of Proto-Indo-Anatolian. Journal of Indo-European Studies 49 (1–2), 141–70.

Prósper, Blanca Maria. 2002. Lenguas y religiones prerromanas del occidente de la Península Ibérica. Salamanca: Ediciones Universidad de Salamanca.

Prósper, Blanca María. 2006. Soz auku arestalo tamai: La segunda línea del bronce de Botorrita y el anafórico celtibérico. Palaeohispanica 6, 139–50.

Puhvel, Jaan. 1984. Hittite Etymological Dictionary. Vol. 1. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.