References
Works cited in the dictionary's etymologies (391 sources), in LSA style, alphabetical by the first author's surname.
Starting at Q. Start from the beginning
S
Šorgo, Aljoša. 2020. Characteristics of Lexemes of a Substratum Origin in Proto-Germanic. Loanwords and substrata: proceedings of the colloquium held in Limoges, 5th-7th June 2018, 427–72.
Šorgo, Aljoša. 2026. A Historical Grammar of Phrygian. Leiden: Leiden University.
Stifter, David. 2017. Varia II: The origin of time. Ériu 67, 219–26. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3318/eriu.2017.67.4
Stifter, David. 2019. An apple a day…. Indogermanische Forschungen 124(1), 171–218.
Stifter, David. 2024. Prehistoric layers of loanwords in Old Irish. Sub-Indo-European Europe: Problems, methods, results, ed. by Guus Kroonen, 157–202. Berlin & Boston: De Gruyter Mouton.
Stiles, Patrick V. 2018. Of Lambkins and Piglets in Old English and Beyond. Transactions of the Philological Society 116, 246–56.
Stoklund, Marie. 2003. Arbejdet ved Runologisk Laboratorium, København. Nytt om Runer 18, Meldingsblad om runeforskning, 4–11.
Szemerényi, Oswald. 1952. The Etymology of German Adel. WORD, 8:1, 42–50. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00437956.1952.11659419
Szemerényi, Oswald. 1955. Lat. ūber. Glotta 34(3–4), 272–87.
Szemerényi, Oswald. 1960. Studies in the Indo-European system of numerals. Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag.
T
Tanaka, Toshiya. 2011. A morphological conflation approach to the historical development of preterite-present verbs: Old English, Proto-Germanic, and Proto-Indo-European. Fukuoka: Hana-Shoin.
Thomas, Richard J.; Gareth A. Bevan; Patrick J. Donovan; and Andrew Hawke (eds.) 1950. Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online. University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies.
Thorsø, Rasmus. 2024. Alternation of diphthong and monophthong in Armenian words of substrate origin. Sub-Indo-European Europe: Problems, methods, results, ed. by Guus Kroonen, 335–49. Berlin & Boston: De Gruyter Mouton. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/9783111337920-011
Thorsø, Rasmus; Andrew M. Wigman; Anthony M. Jakob; Axel Palmér; Paulus S. van Sluis; and Guus J. Kroonen. 2023. Word mining: metal names and the Indo-European dispersal. The Indo-European puzzle revisited, ed. by Kristian Kristiansen, Guus Kroonen, and Eske Willerslev, 105–26. Cambridge University Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009261753.012
Torp, Alf. 1909. Wortschatz der germanischen Spracheinheit, 4th edn. Vol. 3. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht.
Townend, Matthew. 2015. Antiquity of Diction in Old English and Old Norse Poetry. E. C. Quiggin Memorial Lectures 17. Cambridge: Department of Anglo-Saxon, Norse and Celtic, University of Cambridge.
Trautmann, Reinhold. 1910. Die altpreußischen Sprachdenkmäler. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht.
Tucker, Elizabeth. 1981. Greek factitive verbs in -οω, -αινω and -υνω. Transactions of the Philological Society 79.15–34.
U
Uckelman, S. L. 2023. “Adalger”. The Dictionary of Medieval Names from European Sources, Edition 2023, no. 1. Online: http://dmnes.org/2023/1/name/Adalger
Untermann, Jürgen. 2000. Wörterbuch des Oskisch-Umbrischen. Heidelberg: C. Winter.
V
van Beek, L. C. 2024. Latin follis and vellō as evidence for a sound change *-lǵh- > *lɣ > ll: with an excursus on Greek λάχνη, ἀμφιλαχαίνω and cognates. Glotta: Zeitschrift Fuer Griechische Und Lateinische Sprache, 100(2), 220–45. DOI: https://doi.org/10.13109/GLOT.2024.100.2.220
van Beek, Lucien. 2018. Ἄτλας ἀστεμφής: Traces of local particles in Greek compounds and the origins of intensive alpha. Glotta 94, 38–81.
van Beek, Lucien. 2022. The Reflexes of Syllabic Liquids in Ancient Greek: Linguistic Prehistory of the Greek Dialects and Homeric Kunstsprache. Brill.
van der Heijden, Vincent F. 2018. The Shared Lexicon of Baltic, Slavic and Germanic. MA thesis.
van der Sijs, Nicoline (ed.) 2010. Etymologiebank. Meertens Institute.
van Sluis, Paulus; Anders Richardt Jørgensen; and Guus Kroonen. 2023. European Prehistory between Celtic and Germanic: The Celto-Germanic Isoglosses Revisited. The Indo-European Puzzle Revisited, ed. by Kristian Kristiansen and Eske Willerslev, 193–244. Cambridge University Press. Online: https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/9781009261753%23CN-bp-13/type/book_part. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009261753.018
van Veen, Pieter A. F., and Nicoline van der Sijs. 1997. Etymologisch woordenboek: de herkomst van onze woorden. Van Dale Lexicografie.
Vennemann, Theo. 1984. Bemerkung zum frühgermanischen Wortschatz. Studia linguistica et philologica: Festschrift für Klaus Matzel zum sechzigsten Geburtstag, ed. by Hans-Werner Eroms, Bernhard Gajek, and Herbert Kolb, 105–19. Carl Winter.
Vercoullie, Jozef. 1898. Beknopt Etymologisch Woordenboek der Nederlandsche Taal. Victor van Doosselaere.
Vijūnas, Aurelijus. 2005. The history of Latin alcēs ‘elk’ (followed by a brief discussion of the history of Greek ἄλκη). Glotta 81, 214–30.
Vijūnas, Aurelijus. 2015. The Length of y in the Old English Adjective dryge “dry. Historische Sprachforschung / Historical Linguistics 128.260–83.
Vijūnas, Aurelijus. 2022. Studies. Old English and Germanic Historical Morphology: Paradigmatic Splits. the Evolution of the Verb būja- 'dwell'. Historische Sprachforschung 135.283–308.
Vikstrand, Per. 2009. Pre-Christian sacral personal names in Scandinavia during the Proto-Scandinavian period. Names in multi-lingual, multi-cultural and multi-ethnic contact, 1012–18.
Villanueva Svensson, Miguel. 2014. The origin of the denominative type Lith. ‑áuti, ‑áuja, OCS ‑ovati, ‑ujǫ. Baltistica XLIX (2), 251–64.
Villanueva Svensson, Miguel. 2023. The rise of acuteness in Balto-Slavic. Leiden & Boston: Brill.
Visser, Lourens. 2024. The remodelling of u-stem adjectives in West Germanic. TABU 15.250–65. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21827/tabu.2023.41274
von Friesen, Otto. 1924. Rö-stenen i Bohuslän och runorna i Norden under folkvandringstiden. Uppsala Universitets Årsskrift 1924: Filosofi, språkvetenskap och historiska vetenskaper 4. Almqvist & Wiksell.
Voyles, Joseph B. 1992. Early Germanic Grammar: Pre-, Proto-, and Post-Germanic Languages. San Diego: Academic Press.
W
Wachter, Rudolf. 1997. Das indogermanische Wort für 'Sonne' und die angebliche Gruppe der l/n-Heteroklitika. Historische Sprachforschung / Historical Linguistics 110.4–20.
Walde, Alois. 1927. Vergleichendes Wörterbuch der indogermanischen Sprachen. Ed. by Julius Pokorny. Vol. 2. Walter de Gruyter.
Watkins, Calvert. 1959. The Etymology of Old Irish ind-aim. Language, Vol. 35, No. 1, 18–20.
Watkins, Calvert (ed.) 2011. The American heritage dictionary of Indo-European roots. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.
Weiss, Michael. 1994. Life everlasting: Latin iūgis ‘everflowing’, Greek ὑγιής ‘healthy’, Gothic ajukdūþs ‘eternity’ and Avestan yauuaēǰī- ‘living forever’. Münchener Studien zur Sprachwissenschaft 55.131–56.
Weiss, Michael. 2006. Latin orbis and its cognates. Historische Sprachforschung 119, 250–72.
Weiss, Michael. 2009. Outline of the historical and comparative grammar of Latin. Beech Stave Press.
Weiss, Michael. 2012. Interesting i-stems in Irish. Multi Nominis Grammaticus: Studies in Classical and Indo-European Linguistics in Honor of Alan J. Nussbaum, 341–56.
Weiss, Michael. 2020. The plough and its parts in Western Europe. Loanwords and substrata: Proceedings of the colloquium held in Limoges (5th–7th June, 2018), ed. by Romain Garnier, 481–500. Innsbruck: Institut für Sprachwissenschaft der Universität Innsbruck.
Weiss, Michael. 2022. Italic. The Indo-European language family: A phylogenetic perspective, ed. by Thomas Olander, 114–34. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Whitehead, Benedicte Nielsen; Birgit Anette Olsen; and Janus Bahs Jacquet. 2021. Kin, Clan and Community in Indo-European society. Charlottenlund: Museum Tusculanum Press.
Widmer, Paul. 2004. Das Korn des weiten Feldes. Interne Derivation, Derivationskette und Flexionsklassenhierarchie: Aspekte der nominalen Wortbildung im Urindogermanischen. Institut für Sprachen und Literaturen der Universität Innsbruck.