References

M

Matasović, Ranko. 2022. Four Latin etymologies: volgus, laedo, paedor, merx. Latina & Graeca 41.7–16.

Matasović, Ranko. 2024. Proto-Slavic forest tree names: Substratum or Proto-Indo-European origin? Sub-Indo-European Europe: Problems, Methods, Results, ed. by Guus Kroonen, 49–64. Berlin & Boston: De Gruyter Mouton. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/9783111337920-003

Mattioli, Vittorio. 2018. Grímnismál: A Critical Edition. dissertation. Online: http://hdl.handle.net/10023/12219

Mayrhofer, Manfred. 1992. Etymologisches Wörterbuch Des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan. Vol. 1. Carl Winter Universitätsverlag.

Mayrhofer, Manfred. 1996. Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen. Vol. 2. Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag C. Winter.

Mažiulis, Vytautas. 1996. Prūsų kalbos etimologijos žodynas. Vol. 3. Mokslo ir enciklopedijų leidykla.

McCone, Kim. 1995. Oir. Senchae, Senchaid and Preliminaries on Agent Noun Formation in Celtic. Ériu 46, 1–10.

McCone, Kim. 1998. King’ and ‘queen’ in Celtic and Indo-European. Ériu 49.1–12.

Medrano Duque, Marcos. 2025. Protocelta bedo- ‘canal, mina’ y sus derivados: nuevos testimonios en celta antiguo. Cuadernos de Filología Clásica. Estudios Griegos e Indoeuropeos 35, 23–32.

Mees, Bernard. 2022a. Two difficult forms on the Tune memorial. European Journal of Scandinavian Studies 52.281–98. Online: https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/ejss-2022-2011/html. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/ejss-2022-2011

Mees, Bernard. 2022b. Batavian Pero and Germanic *perō ‘pear’. Amsterdamer Beiträge zur älteren Germanistik.

Mees, Bernard. 2023a. Early epigraphic evidence for Germanic weak class-III verbs. Beiträge zur Geschichte der deutschen Sprache und Literatur 145, n. 3.347–64. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/bgsl-2023-0023

Mees, Bernard. 2023b. The English language before England: an epigraphic account. New York, NY London: Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group.

Meester, Lotte. 2024. Substrate stratification: An argument against the unity of Pre-Greek. Sub-Indo-European Europe: Problems, Methods, Results, ed. by Guus Kroonen, 283–300. Berlin & Boston: De Gruyter Mouton.

Meier-Brügger, Michael. 2003. Indo-European linguistics (Charles Gertmenian, Trans.; in cooperation with Matthias Fritz & Manfred Mayrhofer). Walter de Gruyter.

Meineke, Birgit. 2010. Die Ortsnamen des Kreises Lippe. Westfälisches Ortsnamenbuch 2. Bielefeld: Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.

Meiser, Gerhard. 1986. Lautgeschichte der umbrischen Sprache. Innsbruck: Institut für Sprachwissenschaft der Universität Innsbruck.

Melchert, H. Craig. 1986. Hittite uwaš and congeners. Indogermanische Forschungen 91, 102–15.

Melchert, H. Craig. 2014. PIE -eh2 as an “individualizing” suffix and the feminine gender. Studies on the collective and feminine in Indo-European from a diachronic and typological perspective, ed. by Sergio Neri and Roland Schuhmann, 257–71. Brill.

Meyer, Robin. 2023. Iranian Syntax in Classical Armenian. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Mezger, Fritz. 1946. Some Indo-European formatives. Word 2(3), 229–40.

Mezger, Fritz. 1959. German, aiþa- „Eid, Eideshelfereid“ : got. aiþei „Mutter“. Zeitschrift für vergleichende Sprachforschung auf dem Gebiete der Indogermanischen Sprachen 76.85–86.

Mihaylova, Bilyana. 2020. L’expression de l’amour dans les langues indo-européennes anciennes. Indo-European Linguistics and Classical Philology 24, 9–23.

Milanova, Veronika. 2020. Kinship and Affinity in Indo-European: Universal, Inherited, Contact, and Area Specific Features of Indo-European Kinship Terms (with a Special Focus on the Iranian Branch). Vienna: dissertation.

Miller, D. Gary. 2006. Latin suffixal derivatives in English: And their Indo-European ancestry. Oxford University Press.

Miller, Katherine L. 2014. The Semantic Field of Slavery in Old English: Wealh, Esne, Þræl. Leeds: The University of Leeds.

Monier-Williams, Monier. 1899. A Sanskrit–English dictionary: Etymologically and philologically arranged with special reference to cognate Indo-European languages. Oxford University Press.

Mottausch, Karl-Heinz. 2001. Gotisch -(u)h und ein vergessenes Lautgesetz. North-Western European Language Evolution 38.37–47.

Mottausch, Karl-Heinz. 2011. Der Nominalakzent im Frühurgermanischen: Konstanten und Neuerungen. Hamburg: Kovač.

Must, Gustav. 1961. The Origin of the German Word Ehre ‘Honor‘. PMLA/Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 76.326–29. Online: https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0030812900078469/type/journal_article. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/460614

N

Neckel, Gustav. 1914. Edda: Die Lieder des Codex Regius nebst verwandten Denkmälern. Heidelberg: Winter.

Nedoma, Robert. 2004. Personennamen in südgermanischen Runeninschriften: Studien zur altgermanischen Namenkunde I,1,1. Universitätsverlag Winter: Heidelberg.

Nedoma, Robert. 2018. Germanic personal names before AD 1000 and their elements referring to birds of prey: With an emphasis upon the runic inscription in the eastern Swedish Vallentuna-Rickeby burial. Raptor and Human: Falconry and Bird Symbolism throughout the Millennia on a Global Scale, vol. 4, 1583–602.

Neri, Sergio. 2003. I sostantivi in -u del gotico: morfologia e preistoria. Innsbruck: Univ. Innsbruck, Inst. für Sprachen und Literaturen.

Neri, Sergio. 2007. Cadere e abbattere in indoeuropeo: Sull’etimologia di tedesco fallen, latino aboleō e greco ἀπόλλυμι. Institut für Sprachwissenschaft der Universität Innsbruck.

Neri, Sergio. 2009. Rezensionsaufsatz: Ringe, Don, A linguistic history of English. Volume I: From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic. Kratylos 54(1), 1–13. DOI: https://doi.org/10.29091/KRATYLOS/2009/1/1

Neri, Sergio. 2016. Germanische Etymologie: Besprechung von Kroonen 2013. Kratylos 61, 1–51. DOI: https://doi.org/10.29091/KRATYLOS/2016/1/1

Neri, Sergio. 2017. Wetter: Etymologie und Lautgesetz. 2nd revised and expanded edn. Perugia: Università degli Studi di Perugia.

Ngomo Fernández, Esteban. 2025. Estudio lingüístico del antropónimo hispano-céltico Ambatus. Myrtia 40, 117–29.

Nielsen, Rasmus T. 2023. Prehistoric loanwords in Armenian: Hurro-Urartian, Kartvelian, and the unclassified substrate. Doctoral dissertation.

Norbruis, Stefan. 2021. Indo-European origins of Anatolian morphology and semantics: Innovations and archaisms in Hittite, Luwian and Lycian. Amsterdam: LOT.

Nuti, Andrea. 2023. Per l’etimologia e la storia dei bagaudi. Atti del Sodalizio Glottologico Milanese 16 n.s., 97–116.

O

Obrador-Cursach, Bartomeu. 2020. The Phrygian Language. Handbook of Oriental Studies 139. Leiden & Boston: Brill.

Obrador-Cursach, Bartomeu. 2021. The closing formula of the Old Phrygian epitaph B-07 in the light of the Aramaic KAI 318: A case of textual convergence in Daskyleion. Anatolian Studies 71, 47–58.

Olander, Thomas. 2023. Linguistic Phylogenetics and Words for Metals in Indo‑European. The Indo-European Puzzle Revisited, ed. by Kristian Kristiansen, Guus Kroonen, and Eske Willerslev, 93–104. Cambridge University Press. Online: https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/9781009261753%23CN-bp-7/type/book_part. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009261753.011

Olsen, Birgit A. 1988. The Proto-Indo-European Instrument Noun Suffix and its Variants. Historisk-filosofiske Meddelelser 55. Det Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskab.

Olsen, Birgit Anette. 1999. The noun in Biblical Armenian: origin and word-formation with special emphasis on the Indo-European heritage. Berlin New York: Mouton de Gruyter.

Olsen, Birgit Anette. 2020. Kin, clan and community in Proto-Indo-European society. Kin, clan and community in Indo-European society, ed. by Benedicte Nielsen Whitehead and Janus Bahs Jacquet, 39–180. Copenhagen: Museum Tusculanum Press.

Onions, Charles T. (ed.) 1996. The Oxford dictionary of English etymology. Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press.

Orel, Vladimir. 2003. A Handbook of Germanic Etymology. Brill.