*adalaz

Runic: ᚨᛞᚨᛚᚨᛉ Pronunciation: /ˈɑ.ðɑ.lɑz/

noun · masculine · a-stem

Meanings

liquid manure
filth
mire; mud
urine

Etymology

Probably an a-stem reshaping of an older Proto-Germanic n-stem, **aþlan- ~ **adlan- (‘liquid manure, foul wet matter’), with Verner’s Law alternation *þ ~ *d (Kroonen 2013: 40). The word has no secure Proto-Indo-European etymology: comparisons with Ancient Greek ὄνθος (ónthos) and ἄσις (ásis) are semantically attractive but formally weak since they do not explain the Germanic *-þl-/*-dl- sequence or the internal Germanic Verner alternation. Likely old within Proto-Germanic but ultimately obscure; possibly substrate or areal in origin.

Declension

Case	Singular	Plural
Nom.	adalaz	adalōz, adalōs
Acc.	adalą	adalanz
Gen.	adalas, adalis	adalǫ̂
Dat.	adalai	adalamaz
Inst.	adalō	adalamiz
Voc.	adal	adalōz, adalōs

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Descendants

*adal (Proto-West Germanic)
- *adal (Old Dutch)
  - adel, ael, *aald (Middle Dutch)
    - aal, aalt (Dutch)
*adal (Proto-West Germanic)
- adel (Old English)
  - adel (Middle English)
    - addle (English)
    - adill (Scots)
*adal (Proto-West Germanic)
- *adel, *edel (Old Frisian)
  - ethel (North Frisian)
  - Adel (Saterland Frisian)
  - ael, aal (West Frisian)
*adal (Proto-West Germanic)
- *atal, *adal (Old High German)
  - *adel (Middle High German)
    - Adel (Bavarian)
    - Adel (German)
*adal (Proto-West Germanic)
- *adal (Old Saxon)
  - adel, addel, eddel, iddel (Middle Low German)
    - Adel, Addel (Low German)
*aðl (Old Norse)
- adel, al (Danish)
- aale (Norwegian)
*aðl (Old Norse)
- adel (Old Swedish)
  - adel, al (Swedish)

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