*aliskōną
Runic: ᚨᛚᛁᛊᚲᛟᚾᚨ Pronunciation: /ˈɑ.lis.kɔː.nɑ̃/verb · Weak class 2
Meanings
to tend to, to care for
Etymology
Probably derived from *alaną, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂el-. The formation contains *-isk- and may have arisen through a corresponding adjective *aliskaz (‘fond, affectionate; dear, beloved’), continued by Old Norse elskr (de Vries 1977: s.v. elska), followed by formation of the Weak class 2 verb in *-ōną; alternatively, *aliskaz and *aliskōną may represent parallel Germanic derivatives of the same base; Kroonen reconstructs aliskōn- directly as a derivative of alan- (but without further explanation of the origin of the *-isk-) (Kluge 1899: §211; Kroonen 2013: 22; Rix et al. 2001: 262; Ringe 2017: 211–14, 275). Kroonen compares Danish opelske, which preserves the older semantic connection between ‘nurture, rear’ and the later North Germanic development ‘cherish, love’.
Conjugation
Present active
| Person | Indicative | Subjunctive | Imperative |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st singular | aliskō | aliskǭ | – |
| 2nd singular | aliskōsi | aliskōs | aliskō |
| 3rd singular | aliskōþi | aliskō | aliskōþau |
| 1st dual | aliskōs | aliskōw | – |
| 2nd dual | aliskōþiz | aliskōþiz | aliskōþiz |
| 1st plural | aliskōmaz | aliskōm | – |
| 2nd plural | aliskōþ | aliskōþ | aliskōþ |
| 3rd plural | aliskōnþi | aliskōn | aliskōnþau |
Present passive
| Person | Indicative | Subjunctive |
|---|---|---|
| 1st singular | aliskōi | – |
| 2nd singular | aliskōsai | aliskōsau |
| 3rd singular | aliskōþai | aliskōþau |
| 1st dual | – | – |
| 2nd dual | – | – |
| 1st plural | aliskōnþai | aliskōnþau |
| 2nd plural | aliskōnþai | aliskōnþau |
| 3rd plural | aliskōnþai | aliskōnþau |
Past
| Person | Indicative | Subjunctive |
|---|---|---|
| 1st singular | aliskōdǭ | aliskōdēdį̄ |
| 2nd singular | aliskōdēz | aliskōdēdīz |
| 3rd singular | aliskōdē | aliskōdēdī |
| 1st dual | aliskōdēdū | aliskōdēdīw |
| 2nd dual | aliskōdēdudiz | aliskōdēdīdiz |
| 1st plural | aliskōdēdum | aliskōdēdīm |
| 2nd plural | aliskōdēdud | aliskōdēdīd |
| 3rd plural | aliskōdēdun | aliskōdēdīn |
Non-finite Forms
| Infinitive | Present Participle | Past Participle |
|---|---|---|
| aliskōną | aliskōndz | aliskōdaz |
Descendants
-
elska, ælska (Old Norse)
- elske (Danish)
- elska, alska (Faroese)
- elska (Icelandic)
- elske (Norwegian Bokmål)
- elske, elska (Norwegian Nynorsk)
- elsk (Scots)
-
elska, ælska (Old Norse)
-
ælska (Old Swedish)
- älska (Swedish)
-
ælska (Old Swedish)