*atberaną
Runic: ᚨᛏᛒᛖᚱᚨᚾᚨ Pronunciation: /ˌɑt.ˈβe.rɑ.nɑ̃/verb · Strong class 4
Meanings
to bear or carry to; bring forward, bring to
Etymology
From *at + *beraną, an inherited Strong class 4 verb from Proto-Indo-European root *bʰer-; the PIE present *bʰer-e/o- is continued by Gothic 𐌱𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌰𐌽 (bairan), Latin ferō, Ancient Greek φέρω (phérō), Old Armenian բերեմ (berem), and Indo-Iranian forms such as Sanskrit भरति (bhárati) (Rix et al. 2001: 76–77). The Germanic compound is directly supported by Gothic 𐌰𐍄𐌱𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌰𐌽 (atbairan) and cognate Northwest Germanic formations. Comparable ‘to/toward’ + *bʰer-compounds occur independently in Latin adferō, later afferō, and Old Phrygian αββερετ (abberet), which is now securely analyzed as *ad- + *beret, with assimilation *d-b > *bb (Obrador-Cursach 2020: 154–55; Šorgo 2026: 537–39). These parallels show that the construction is of considerable Indo-European antiquity.
Conjugation
Present active
| Person | Indicative | Subjunctive | Imperative |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st singular | atberō | atberaų | – |
| 2nd singular | atbirizi | atberaiz | atber |
| 3rd singular | atbiridi | atberai | atberadau |
| 1st dual | atberōz | atberaiw | – |
| 2nd dual | atberadiz | atberaidiz | atberadiz |
| 1st plural | atberamaz | atberaim | – |
| 2nd plural | atbirid | atberaid | atbirid |
| 3rd plural | atberandi | atberain | atberandau |
Present passive
| Person | Indicative | Subjunctive |
|---|---|---|
| 1st singular | atberai | – |
| 2nd singular | atberazai | atberaizau |
| 3rd singular | atberadai | atberaidau |
| 1st dual | – | – |
| 2nd dual | – | – |
| 1st plural | atberandai | atberaindau |
| 2nd plural | atberandai | atberaindau |
| 3rd plural | atberandai | atberaindau |
Past
| Person | Indicative | Subjunctive |
|---|---|---|
| 1st singular | atbar | atbērį̄ |
| 2nd singular | atbart | atbērīz |
| 3rd singular | atbar | atbērī |
| 1st dual | atbērū | atbērīw |
| 2nd dual | atbērudiz | atbērīdiz |
| 1st plural | atbērum | atbērīm |
| 2nd plural | atbērud | atbērīd |
| 3rd plural | atbērun | atbērīn |
Non-finite Forms
| Infinitive | Present Participle | Past Participle |
|---|---|---|
| atberaną | atberandz | atburanaz |
Descendants
-
*atberan (Proto-West Germanic)
-
ætberan (Old English)
- atberen (Middle English)
-
ætberan (Old English)
- atbæra (Old Swedish)
- 𐌰𐍄𐌱𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌰𐌽 (atbairan) (Gothic)