*atberaną

Runic: ᚨᛏᛒᛖᚱᚨᚾᚨ Pronunciation: /ˌɑt.ˈβe.rɑ.nɑ̃/

verb · Strong class 4

Meanings

to bear or carry to; bring forward, bring to

Etymology

From *at + *beraną, an inherited Strong class 4 verb from Proto-Indo-European root *bʰer-; the PIE present *bʰer-e/o- is continued by Gothic 𐌱𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌰𐌽 (bairan), Latin ferō, Ancient Greek φέρω (phérō), Old Armenian բերեմ (berem), and Indo-Iranian forms such as Sanskrit भरति (bhárati) (Rix et al. 2001: 76–77). The Germanic compound is directly supported by Gothic 𐌰𐍄𐌱𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌰𐌽 (atbairan) and cognate Northwest Germanic formations. Comparable ‘to/toward’ + *bʰer-compounds occur independently in Latin adferō, later afferō, and Old Phrygian αββερετ (abberet), which is now securely analyzed as *ad- + *beret, with assimilation *d-b > *bb (Obrador-Cursach 2020: 154–55; Šorgo 2026: 537–39). These parallels show that the construction is of considerable Indo-European antiquity.

Conjugation

Present active

PersonIndicativeSubjunctiveImperative
1st singularatberōatberaų–
2nd singularatbiriziatberaizatber
3rd singularatbiridiatberaiatberadau
1st dualatberōzatberaiw–
2nd dualatberadizatberaidizatberadiz
1st pluralatberamazatberaim–
2nd pluralatbiridatberaidatbirid
3rd pluralatberandiatberainatberandau

Present passive

PersonIndicativeSubjunctive
1st singularatberai–
2nd singularatberazaiatberaizau
3rd singularatberadaiatberaidau
1st dual––
2nd dual––
1st pluralatberandaiatberaindau
2nd pluralatberandaiatberaindau
3rd pluralatberandaiatberaindau

Past

PersonIndicativeSubjunctive
1st singularatbaratbērį̄
2nd singularatbartatbērīz
3rd singularatbaratbērī
1st dualatbērūatbērīw
2nd dualatbērudizatbērīdiz
1st pluralatbērumatbērīm
2nd pluralatbērudatbērīd
3rd pluralatbērunatbērīn

Non-finite Forms

InfinitivePresent ParticiplePast Participle
atberaną atberandz atburanaz

Find a form

Descendants

  • *atberan (Proto-West Germanic)
    • ætberan (Old English)
      • atberen (Middle English)
  • atbæra (Old Swedish)
  • 𐌰𐍄𐌱𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌰𐌽 (atbairan) (Gothic)

Explore/search these descendants

View on Wiktionary

Words mentioned in this entry