*balwōną

Runic: ᛒᚨᛚᚹᛟᚾᚨ Pronunciation: /ˈbɑl.wɔː.nɑ̃/

verb · Weak class 2

Meanings

to make worse, spoil, damage
to torture, torment
to speak evil, swear, curse

Etymology

Either derived from *balwą (‘evil, misfortune’) + *-ōną(forms denominative Weak class 2 verbs) or *balwaz (‘evil, bad’) + *-ōną(forms factitive Weak class 2 verbs from adjectives).

Conjugation

Present active

Person	Indicative	Subjunctive	Imperative
1st singular	balwō	balwǭ	–
2nd singular	balwōsi	balwōs	balwō
3rd singular	balwōþi	balwō	balwōþau
1st dual	balwōs	balwōw	–
2nd dual	balwōþiz	balwōþiz	balwōþiz
1st plural	balwōmaz	balwōm	–
2nd plural	balwōþ	balwōþ	balwōþ
3rd plural	balwōnþi	balwōn	balwōnþau

Present passive

Person	Indicative	Subjunctive
1st singular	balwōi	–
2nd singular	balwōsai	balwōsau
3rd singular	balwōþai	balwōþau
1st dual	–	–
2nd dual	–	–
1st plural	balwōnþai	balwōnþau
2nd plural	balwōnþai	balwōnþau
3rd plural	balwōnþai	balwōnþau

Past

Person	Indicative	Subjunctive
1st singular	balwōdǭ	balwōdēdį̄
2nd singular	balwōdēz	balwōdēdīz
3rd singular	balwōdē	balwōdēdī
1st dual	balwōdēdū	balwōdēdīw
2nd dual	balwōdēdudiz	balwōdēdīdiz
1st plural	balwōdēdum	balwōdēdīm
2nd plural	balwōdēdud	balwōdēdīd
3rd plural	balwōdēdun	balwōdēdīn

Non-finite Forms

Infinitive	Present Participle	Past Participle
balwōną	balwōndz	balwōdaz

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Descendants

*balwōn (Proto-West Germanic)
- *baluwon (Old Dutch)
  - baluwen, baellewen (Middle Dutch)
*balwōn (Proto-West Germanic)
- *balia (Old Frisian)
  - forbalia, urbalia (Old Frisian)
*balwōn (Proto-West Germanic)
- *balawōn (Old High German)
  - gibalawōn (Old High German)
*balwōn (Proto-West Germanic)
- *baluwōn (Old Saxon)
  - *balwen (Middle Low German)
    - vörbalwen, vorbalwen, vorballewen (Middle Low German)
*balwōn (Proto-West Germanic)
- *balvō, *malvō (Vulgar Latin)
  - malvar (Galician)
  - malvar (Old Spanish)
bǫlva (Old Norse)
- bölva (Icelandic)

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