*barugaz

Runic: ᛒᚨᚱᚢᚷᚨᛉ Pronunciation: /ˈbɑ.ru.ɣɑz/

noun · masculine · a-stem

Meanings

barrow, castrated boar

Etymology

From pre-Germanic *bʰoru-ḱ-ó-s (with a meaning of ‘barrow’). For the root, compare Russian бо́ров (bórov, ‘hog, castrated boar’); for the suffix, compare *elhaz (‘elk’), *selhaz (‘seal’) and Proto-Indo-European *h₂ŕ̥tḱos (‘bear’). Trautmann considers the -k- as having a singulative function on collectives, noting collective Avestan 𐬞𐬀𐬯𐬎 (pasu) (pasu, ‘livestock’) versus 𐬞𐬀𐬯𐬎𐬐𐬀 (pasuka, ‘individual head of livestock’), akin to Sanskrit पशु) (paśu, ‘livestock, animal’) versus पशुका (paśukā, ‘a small animal’). The term itself appears to be a Proto-Germanic-Slavic isogloss.

Declension

Case	Singular	Plural
Nom.	barugaz	barugōz, barugōs
Acc.	barugą	baruganz
Gen.	barugas, barugis	barugǫ̂
Dat.	barugai	barugamaz
Inst.	barugō	barugamiz
Voc.	barug	barugōz, barugōs

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Descendants

*barug (Proto-West Germanic)
- barcho (Old Dutch)
  - barch, barech (Middle Dutch)
    - barg (Dutch)
      - burg (Afrikaans)
*barug (Proto-West Germanic)
- bearg, bærh, bearh, bearug, bęrg, berg (Old English)
  - barow, bareȝ, bareh, barew, barwe, borwȝ (Middle English)
    - barrow (English)
*barug (Proto-West Germanic)
- barch (Old Frisian)
  - Baarch (Saterland Frisian)
  - baarch (West Frisian)
*barug (Proto-West Germanic)
- barug, barh (Old High German)
  - barc (Middle High German)
    - Barg, Barch (German)
*barug (Proto-West Germanic)
- barug (Old Saxon)
  - borch (Middle Low German)
    - Barg (Low German)
bǫrgr (Old Norse)

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