*butmaz

Runic: ᛒᚢᛏᛗᚨᛉ Pronunciation: /ˈbut.mɑz/

noun · masculine · a-stem

Meanings

bottom; foundation
ground
abyss

Etymology

From pre-Germanic *bʰudʰ-m̥-ó-s from Proto-Indo-European *bʰudʰ-mḗn ~ *bʰudʰ-m̥n-és/*bʰudʰ-n-és(‘bottom’). According to (Kroonen 2013), the -m- had been dissimilated in the genitive already in Proto-Indo-European, giving Sanskrit बुध्न (budhna) (budhna, ‘bottom, ground, base, depth, lowest part of anything’) and Latin fundus (‘bottom; farm; ground; foundation’), resulting in a Proto-Germanic paradigm of *budm-, *butt-, (the -tt- via Kluge’s Law), which then gave rise to other variants in: *budm-, *butm-. He also suggests that the root was metathesized from *dʰewbʰ-/*dʰubʰ- (‘hazy, unclear, dark; deep’). Other cognates are Ancient Greek πῠθμήν (pŭthmḗn) (pŭthmḗn, ‘bottom of a cup or jar; the bottom of the sea; trunk, butt of a tree’), Old Armenian անդունդ (andund, ‘abyss, hell’), and Latin fundus (‘bottom; farm; ground; foundation’). Related to *buttaz (‘end, piece’).

Declension

Case	Singular	Plural
Nom.	butmaz	butmōz, butmōs
Acc.	butmą	butmanz
Gen.	butmas, butmis	butmǫ̂
Dat.	butmai	butmamaz
Inst.	butmō	butmamiz
Voc.	butm	butmōz, butmōs

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Descendants

*botm (Proto-West Germanic)
- *bodom (Old Dutch)
  - bodem (Middle Dutch)
    - boeadem, baom (Limburgish)
*botm (Proto-West Germanic)
- *bodom (Old Dutch)
  - bodem (Middle Dutch)
    - bodem, boom, boôm (Dutch)
      - bodem (Afrikaans)
*bodm, *botm (Proto-West Germanic)
- bodan, botm (Old English)
  - botme, botom, botome, bothom, bothum, botham, bothme, botym, bottum, butme, boþem, bum (Middle English)
    - bottom, botton, bum (English)
    - boddem, boddum, boddam, boddom, bottome, bum (Scots)
*bodm, *botm (Proto-West Germanic)
- bodem, boden (Old Frisian)
  - bom (North Frisian)
  - Boudem (Saterland Frisian)
  - beame, boaiem, boom (West Frisian)
*bodm, *botm (Proto-West Germanic)
- bodam, podam (Old High German)
  - bodem, boden (Middle High German)
    - Boden (German)
    - Buedem (Luxembourgish)
*bodm, *botm (Proto-West Germanic)
- bodom (Old Saxon)
  - bōdeme, bodem, boddeme, boddem, bodden (Middle Low German)
    - Bodden, Borrn, Baam (Low German)
    - Boddem (Plautdietsch)
botn (Old Norse)
- botnur (Faroese)
- botn (Icelandic)
- bånn (Norwegian Bokmål)
botn (Old Norse)
- botn (Norwegian Nynorsk)
  - botn (Norwegian Bokmål)
botn (Old Norse)
- botn, bon (Old Danish)
  - bund (Danish)
    - bunn (Norwegian Bokmål)
botn (Old Norse)
- butn, botn (Old Swedish)
  - botten (Swedish)
*ponnē (Proto-Samic)

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