*bōkō

Runic: ᛒᛟᚲᛟ Pronunciation: /ˈbɔː.kɔː/

noun · feminine · ō-stem

Meanings

beech tree

Etymology

From pre-Germanic *bʰeh₂ǵ-éh₂ from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂ǵ-o-s (‘oak, beech’) but likely from a Northwest European substrate. Cognates are Ancient Greek φηγός (phēgós) (phēgós, ‘oak, acorn’) and Latin fāgus (‘beech tree’). (Quentel 2018) notes that the root is also present in Finno-Ugric: Finnish pyökki, Hungarian bükk, and Northern Sámi beaika (all meaning ‘beech tree’), which could possibly be borrowings from Proto-Germanic or Slavic, but the p-/b- evolution in Finnish and Sami point towards an inheritance rather than borrowing.

Declension

Case	Singular	Plural
Nom.	bōkō	bōkôz
Acc.	bōkǭ	bōkōz
Gen.	bōkōz	bōkǫ̂
Dat.	bōkōi	bōkōmaz
Inst.	bōkō	bōkōmiz
Voc.	bōkō	bōkôz

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Descendants

*bōku (Proto-West Germanic)
- *buoka (Old Dutch)
  - boec (Middle Dutch)
    - boek (Dutch)
*bōku (Proto-West Germanic)
- bōc (Old English)
  - bok, boc, boke, book, booke, buk, buke (Middle English)
    - book (English)
    - buik, beuk, buke, beuck (Scots)
*bōku (Proto-West Germanic)
- bōk (Old Frisian)
  - boeck, boek (West Frisian)
*bōku (Proto-West Germanic)
- buohha, *buohhia, buocha (Old High German)
  - buoche (Middle High German)
    - Buech (Alemannic German)
    - Buche, Büche (German)
    - Bich (Luxembourgish)
*bōku (Proto-West Germanic)
- bōka (Old Saxon)
  - bôke (Middle Low German)
    - Böök, Böke (Low German)
*bōku (Proto-West Germanic)
- bōka (Old Saxon)
  - bôke (Middle Low German)
    - beuk (Dutch Low Saxon)
      - beuk (Dutch)
bók (Old Norse)
- bog, bøg (Danish)
- bók (Faroese)
- bók, bæki, beyki (Icelandic)
- bøk, bok (Norwegian Bokmål)
- bok, bøk (Norwegian Nynorsk)
bók (Old Norse)
- bōk (Old Swedish)
  - bok (Swedish)
𐌱𐍉𐌺𐌰 (bōka) (Gothic)

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