*halmaz

Runic: ᚺᚨᛚᛗᚨᛉ Pronunciation: /ˈxɑl.mɑz/

noun · masculine · a-stem

Meanings

halm; stem; stalk
straw; hay

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *ḱolh₂mos, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱelh₂- (‘to stick; prick; stab’). Cognate with Latin culmus, Ancient Greek κάλαμος (kálamos) (kálamos). Kroonen, who adds Lithuanian kélmas (‘tree trunk’) as a cognate, reconstructs the original athematic paradigm as *ḱélh₂-m̥ ~ *ḱl̥h₂-m-ós (cf. *elm-, *alm-, *ulm- (‘elm’)), rejecting Beekes' *ḱólh₂-m̥ ~ *ḱl̥h₂-ém-.

Declension

Case	Singular	Plural
Nom.	halmaz	halmōz, halmōs
Acc.	halmą	halmanz
Gen.	halmas, halmis	halmǫ̂
Dat.	halmai	halmamaz
Inst.	halmō	halmamiz
Voc.	halm	halmōz, halmōs

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Descendants

*halm (Proto-West Germanic)
- *halm (Old Dutch)
  - halm (Middle Dutch)
    - halm (Dutch)
      - halm (Afrikaans)
*halm (Proto-West Germanic)
- healm, halm (Old English)
  - healm, halm, helm, holm (Middle English)
    - halm, haulm (English)
    - haulm (Scots)
*halm (Proto-West Germanic)
- *halm (Old Frisian)
  - Hoolm (Saterland Frisian)
  - haal (West Frisian)
*halm (Proto-West Germanic)
- halm (Old High German)
  - halm, halme, helm (Middle High German)
    - Halm (German)
    - Hallem (Luxembourgish)
*halm (Proto-West Germanic)
- halm (Old Saxon)
  - halm (Middle Low German)
    - Halm (German Low German)
halmr (Old Norse)
- hálmur (Faroese)
- hálmur (Icelandic)
- halm, hålm’e, håm’e (Norwegian Nynorsk)
- halm (Swedish)
halmr (Old Norse)
- halm (Danish)
  - halm (Norwegian Bokmål)

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