*librō

Runic: ᛚᛁᛒᚱᛟ Pronunciation: /ˈli.βrɔː/

noun · feminine · ō-stem

Meanings

liver

Etymology

Disputed:

However, this is difficult on phonetic grounds, especially as the source of the presumed un-etymological *l- is not explained. An alternative reconstruction *l̥yékʷr̥ has been proposed but not met with wide acceptance.

Kroonen notes the unusual umlaut of Old Swedish lyr and Elfdalian lyr, which could be from an old locative *libureni.

Declension

CaseSingularPlural
Nom.librōlibrôz
Acc.librǭlibrōz
Gen.librōzlibrǫ̂
Dat.librōilibrōmaz
Inst.librōlibrōmiz
Voc.librōlibrôz

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Descendants

  • *libru (Proto-West Germanic)
    • *levara (Old Dutch)
      • lēvere (Middle Dutch)
        • lever (Dutch)
          • lewer (Afrikaans)
          • lebii (Aukan)
          • lefre (Berbice Creole Dutch)
          • lever (Indonesian)
          • leber (Negerhollands)
          • lebèn (Saramaccan)
  • *libru (Proto-West Germanic)
    • *levara (Old Dutch)
      • lēvere (Middle Dutch)
        • lever (Dutch)
          • lefre (Sranan Tongo)
            • léfer (Caribbean Javanese)
  • *libru (Proto-West Germanic)
    • lifer (Old English)
      • lyvere, lyver, livere (Middle English)
        • liver (English)
        • liver (Scots)
  • *libru (Proto-West Germanic)
    • livere (Old Frisian)
      • Líeuwer (Saterland Frisian)
      • lever (West Frisian)
  • *libru (Proto-West Germanic)
    • lebara (Old High German)
      • lebere, leber (Middle High German)
        • Leber (German)
        • łaower (Vilamovian)
        • לעבער (leber) (Yiddish)
  • *libru (Proto-West Germanic)
    • lebara (Old High German)
      • lebere, leber (Middle High German)
        • Levver, Läver, Leaver (Central Franconian)
          • Lewer (Hunsrik)
          • Liewer (Luxembourgish)
  • *libru (Proto-West Germanic)
    • *livara, *levara (Old Saxon)
      • levere, lēver (Middle Low German)
        • Lever (German Low German)
        • Läwa (Plautdietsch)
  • lifr (Old Norse)
    • livur (Faroese)
    • livar, livår, livur (Gutnish)
    • lifur (Icelandic)
  • lifr (Old Norse)
    • ? (Norwegian)
      • lever (Norwegian Bokmål)
      • lever (Norwegian Nynorsk)
  • lifr (Old Norse)
    • liuær (Old Danish)
      • lever (Danish)
  • lifr (Old Norse)
    • liver (Old Swedish)
      • lever (Swedish)

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