*nurþraz^¹

Runic: ᚾᚢᚱᚦᚱᚨᛉ Pronunciation: /ˈnur.θrɑz/

adjective · a-stem

Meanings

north, northern

Etymology

From Pre-Germanic *(h₁)nŕ̥t(e)ros, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *nér (‘under (the surface)’). Compare Tocharian B ñor (‘below’), Ancient Greek ἐνέρτερος (enérteros) (enérteros), νέρτερος (nérteros, ‘below (the earth)’), Umbrian nertru (‘left’).

The meaning developed either from "region where the sun is below (the earth)" or from "left side of someone who turns to the east when praying".

Declension

Strong declension

Case	Sg. Masc.	Sg. Fem.	Sg. Neut.	Pl. Masc.	Pl. Fem.	Pl. Neut.
Nom.	nurþraz	nurþrō	nurþrą, -atō	nurþrai	nurþrôz	nurþrō
Acc.	nurþranǭ	nurþrǭ	nurþrą, -atō	nurþranz	nurþrōz	nurþrō
Gen.	nurþras, -is	nurþraizōz	nurþras, -is	nurþraizǫ̂	nurþraizǫ̂	nurþraizǫ̂
Dat.	nurþrammai	nurþraizōi	nurþrammai	nurþraimaz	nurþraimaz	nurþraimaz
Inst.	nurþranō	nurþraizō	nurþranō	nurþraimiz	nurþraimiz	nurþraimiz

Weak declension

Case	Sg. Masc.	Sg. Fem.	Sg. Neut.	Pl. Masc.	Pl. Fem.	Pl. Neut.
Nom.	nurþrô	nurþrǭ	nurþrô	nurþraniz	nurþrōniz	nurþrōnō
Acc.	nurþranų	nurþrōnų	nurþrô	nurþranunz	nurþrōnunz	nurþrōnō
Gen.	nurþriniz	nurþrōniz	nurþriniz	nurþranǫ̂	nurþrōnǫ̂	nurþranǫ̂
Dat.	nurþrini	nurþrōni	nurþrini	nurþrammaz	nurþrōmaz	nurþrammaz
Inst.	nurþrinē	nurþrōnē	nurþrinē	nurþrammiz	nurþrōmiz	nurþrammiz

Find a form

Descendants

*norþr (Proto-West Germanic)
- north (Old Frisian)
*norþr (Proto-West Germanic)
- norþ (Old English)
  - nort (Old French)
*norþr (Proto-West Germanic)
- norþ (Old English)
  - north, norþ, northe, norþe, norrþ (Middle English)
    - north (English)
    - north (Scots)
    - nordh, noardth (Yola)
*norþr (Proto-West Germanic)
- *nordar (Old High German)
  - norder (Middle High German)
*norþr (Proto-West Germanic)
- *northar, *nordar (Old Saxon)
  - nōrder, narder (Middle Low German)
norðr (Old Norse)
- nord (Danish)
  - nord (Norwegian Bokmål)
norðr (Old Norse)
- nor (Old Swedish)
  - norr, nord (Swedish)

Explore/search these descendants

View on Wiktionary