*panningaz

Runic: ᛈᚨᚾᛁᚾᚷᚨᛉ Pronunciation: /ˈpɑn.niŋ.ɡɑz/

noun · masculine · a-stem

Meanings

a coin, penny

Etymology

Of unclear origin. Many regard the forms without the medial *-t- or *-d- as the older ones because the Slavic and Lithuanian loans (Proto-Slavic *pěnędzь) (Proto-Slavic *pěnędzь) do not show the reflex of a medial obstruent, which makes it difficult to connect with *pandan- (‘pledge’) (Old High German phant) or their possible etymon, Latin pondus (‘weight’). The second part of the word is probably *-ingaz. The first part is possibly a borrowing of one of these Latin words:

Vennemann suggests another possibility, following from his (controversial) Punic superstrate theory: that *paning may derive from Carthaginian traders' jargon use of Punic /⁠pani⁠/, “face”, to mean "coin", as almost all Carthaginian coins depicted the face of Tanit (a goddess who was herself known as the "face of Baal"), and even the second-most common motif was the face of Melqart; Vennemann further speculates that the variants *panning and *panding preserved the bimoric nature of the Punic word.

Declension

Case	Singular	Plural
Nom.	panningaz	panningōz, panningōs
Acc.	panningą	panninganz
Gen.	panningas, panningis	panningǫ̂
Dat.	panningai	panningamaz
Inst.	panningō	panningamiz
Voc.	panning	panningōz, panningōs

Find a form

Descendants

*panning (Proto-West Germanic)
- *penning (Old Dutch)
  - penninc, pennich, pennig (Middle Dutch)
    - penning (Dutch)
    - penning (Limburgish)
*panning (Proto-West Germanic)
- penning, pending, pæning, pening, pæniġ, peniġ (Old English)
  - peny, peni, pene, peney, penny, peyne, pani, pany, peninnꟑ (Middle English)
    - penny (English)
*panning (Proto-West Germanic)
- penning, pending, pæning, pening, pæniġ, peniġ (Old English)
  - peny, peni, pene, peney, penny, peyne, pani, pany, peninnꟑ (Middle English)
    - penny (Middle Scots)
      - penny (Scots)
*panning (Proto-West Germanic)
- penning, pending, pæning, pening, pæniġ, peniġ (Old English)
  - pinginn, penginn (Old Irish)
    - pingin (Irish)
*panning (Proto-West Germanic)
- penning, pending, pæning, pening, pæniġ, peniġ (Old English)
  - ? (Old Spanish)
    - penique (Spanish)
*panning (Proto-West Germanic)
- panning, penning, pennig (Old Frisian)
  - Pännich (Saterland Frisian)
  - pinning (West Frisian)
*panning (Proto-West Germanic)
- pfending, pfanting, pfenting, pfenning, penning (Old High German)
  - pfennic, pfenninc, penninc (Middle High German)
    - Penning, Pennek (Central Franconian)
      - Pennek (Luxembourgish)
*panning (Proto-West Germanic)
- pfending, pfanting, pfenting, pfenning, penning (Old High German)
  - pfennic, pfenninc, penninc (Middle High German)
    - Pfennig (German)
      - pfennig (English)
      - Fenneg (Luxembourgish)
*panning (Proto-West Germanic)
- penning, pennig (Old Saxon)
  - pennink (Middle Low German)
    - Penning, Penn (German Low German)
*panding (Proto-West Germanic)
- *penning (Old Dutch)
  - penninc, pennich, pennig (Middle Dutch)
    - penning (Dutch)
    - penning (Limburgish)
*panding (Proto-West Germanic)
- penning, pending, pæning, pening, pæniġ, peniġ (Old English)
  - peny, peni, pene, peney, penny, peyne, pani, pany, peninnꟑ (Middle English)
    - penny (English)
*panding (Proto-West Germanic)
- penning, pending, pæning, pening, pæniġ, peniġ (Old English)
  - peny, peni, pene, peney, penny, peyne, pani, pany, peninnꟑ (Middle English)
    - penny (Middle Scots)
      - penny (Scots)
*panding (Proto-West Germanic)
- penning, pending, pæning, pening, pæniġ, peniġ (Old English)
  - pinginn, penginn (Old Irish)
    - pingin (Irish)
*panding (Proto-West Germanic)
- penning, pending, pæning, pening, pæniġ, peniġ (Old English)
  - ? (Old Spanish)
    - penique (Spanish)
*panding (Proto-West Germanic)
- panning, penning, pennig (Old Frisian)
  - Pännich (Saterland Frisian)
  - pinning (West Frisian)
*panding (Proto-West Germanic)
- pfending, pfanting, pfenting, pfenning, penning (Old High German)
  - pfennic, pfenninc, penninc (Middle High German)
    - Penning, Pennek (Central Franconian)
      - Pennek (Luxembourgish)
*panding (Proto-West Germanic)
- pfending, pfanting, pfenting, pfenning, penning (Old High German)
  - pfennic, pfenninc, penninc (Middle High German)
    - Pfennig (German)
      - pfennig (English)
      - Fenneg (Luxembourgish)
*panding (Proto-West Germanic)
- penning, pennig (Old Saxon)
  - pennink (Middle Low German)
    - Penning, Penn (German Low German)
*penning (Proto-West Germanic)
- *penning (Old Dutch)
  - penninc, pennich, pennig (Middle Dutch)
    - penning (Dutch)
    - penning (Limburgish)
*penning (Proto-West Germanic)
- penning, pending, pæning, pening, pæniġ, peniġ (Old English)
  - peny, peni, pene, peney, penny, peyne, pani, pany, peninnꟑ (Middle English)
    - penny (English)
*penning (Proto-West Germanic)
- penning, pending, pæning, pening, pæniġ, peniġ (Old English)
  - peny, peni, pene, peney, penny, peyne, pani, pany, peninnꟑ (Middle English)
    - penny (Middle Scots)
      - penny (Scots)
*penning (Proto-West Germanic)
- penning, pending, pæning, pening, pæniġ, peniġ (Old English)
  - pinginn, penginn (Old Irish)
    - pingin (Irish)
*penning (Proto-West Germanic)
- penning, pending, pæning, pening, pæniġ, peniġ (Old English)
  - ? (Old Spanish)
    - penique (Spanish)
*penning (Proto-West Germanic)
- panning, penning, pennig (Old Frisian)
  - Pännich (Saterland Frisian)
  - pinning (West Frisian)
*penning (Proto-West Germanic)
- pfending, pfanting, pfenting, pfenning, penning (Old High German)
  - pfennic, pfenninc, penninc (Middle High German)
    - Penning, Pennek (Central Franconian)
      - Pennek (Luxembourgish)
*penning (Proto-West Germanic)
- pfending, pfanting, pfenting, pfenning, penning (Old High German)
  - pfennic, pfenninc, penninc (Middle High German)
    - Pfennig (German)
      - pfennig (English)
      - Fenneg (Luxembourgish)
*penning (Proto-West Germanic)
- penning, pennig (Old Saxon)
  - pennink (Middle Low German)
    - Penning, Penn (German Low German)
penningr (Old Norse)
- peningg, peningger, paingger, peng (Elfdalian)
- peningur, pengar (Faroese)
- penningg, peningg (Gutnish)
- peningur (Icelandic)
- pengar (Norn)
- penger, penge (Norwegian Bokmål)
- pengar, peng, penge (Norwegian Nynorsk)
penningr (Old Norse)
- pæning (Old Danish)
  - penning, penge (Danish)
penningr (Old Norse)
- pænninger (Old Swedish)
  - penning, pengar, peng (Swedish)
    - penninki, penni (Finnish)
pengr (Old Norse)
- peningg, peningger, paingger, peng (Elfdalian)
- peningur, pengar (Faroese)
- penningg, peningg (Gutnish)
- peningur (Icelandic)
- pengar (Norn)
- penger, penge (Norwegian Bokmål)
- pengar, peng, penge (Norwegian Nynorsk)
pengr (Old Norse)
- pæning (Old Danish)
  - penning, penge (Danish)
pengr (Old Norse)
- pænninger (Old Swedish)
  - penning, pengar, peng (Swedish)
    - penninki, penni (Finnish)
*pěnędzь (Proto-Slavic)

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