*rukkōną

Runic: ᚱᚢᚲᛟᚾᚨ Pronunciation: /ˈruk.kɔː.nɑ̃/

verb · Weak class 2

Meanings

to move, move back and forth, rock

Etymology

From Pre-Germanic *Hruknéh₂-, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *h₃rewk- (‘to dig up’). Cognate with Latin runcō (“to weed”, verb) (“to weed”, verb), Sanskrit लुञ्चति (luñcáti) (luñcáti, ‘to pluck’). In addition to the above theory, Kroonen suggests a derivation from an unknown verb *rehaną, *reganą, from a putative Proto-Indo-European *Hreǵʰ- (‘to touch’), and compared with Lithuanian rõžyti (‘to touch, hit’), though this is speculative.

Conjugation

Present active

Person	Indicative	Subjunctive	Imperative
1st singular	rukkō	rukkǭ	–
2nd singular	rukkōsi	rukkōs	rukkō
3rd singular	rukkōþi	rukkō	rukkōþau
1st dual	rukkōs	rukkōw	–
2nd dual	rukkōþiz	rukkōþiz	rukkōþiz
1st plural	rukkōmaz	rukkōm	–
2nd plural	rukkōþ	rukkōþ	rukkōþ
3rd plural	rukkōnþi	rukkōn	rukkōnþau

Present passive

Person	Indicative	Subjunctive
1st singular	rukkōi	–
2nd singular	rukkōsai	rukkōsau
3rd singular	rukkōþai	rukkōþau
1st dual	–	–
2nd dual	–	–
1st plural	rukkōnþai	rukkōnþau
2nd plural	rukkōnþai	rukkōnþau
3rd plural	rukkōnþai	rukkōnþau

Past

Person	Indicative	Subjunctive
1st singular	rukkōdǭ	rukkōdēdį̄
2nd singular	rukkōdēz	rukkōdēdīz
3rd singular	rukkōdē	rukkōdēdī
1st dual	rukkōdēdū	rukkōdēdīw
2nd dual	rukkōdēdudiz	rukkōdēdīdiz
1st plural	rukkōdēdum	rukkōdēdīm
2nd plural	rukkōdēdud	rukkōdēdīd
3rd plural	rukkōdēdun	rukkōdēdīn

Non-finite Forms

Infinitive	Present Participle	Past Participle
rukkōną	rukkōndz	rukkōdaz

Find a form

Descendants

*rukkōn (Proto-West Germanic)
- rocquer (Old French)
*rukkōn (Proto-West Germanic)
- *rukkon, *rokkon (Old Dutch)
  - rucken, rocken (Middle Dutch)
    - rokken, rukken (Dutch)
*rukkōn (Proto-West Germanic)
- roccian (Old English)
  - rokken, roggen, rucken, rocken, roggelen (Middle English)
    - rok (Scots)
*rukkōn (Proto-West Germanic)
- roccian (Old English)
  - rokken, roggen, rucken, rocken, roggelen (Middle English)
    - rock, rog (English)
      - rocken (German)
*rukkōn (Proto-West Germanic)
- *rukkia, *rokkia (Old Frisian)
  - rukje, rukke (Saterland Frisian)
  - rokje, rukke, rokke (West Frisian)
*rukkōn (Proto-West Germanic)
- *rohhōn, *rochōn (Old High German)
  - rocken (Middle High German)
*rokkōn (Proto-West Germanic)
- rocquer (Old French)
*rokkōn (Proto-West Germanic)
- *rukkon, *rokkon (Old Dutch)
  - rucken, rocken (Middle Dutch)
    - rokken, rukken (Dutch)
*rokkōn (Proto-West Germanic)
- roccian (Old English)
  - rokken, roggen, rucken, rocken, roggelen (Middle English)
    - rok (Scots)
*rokkōn (Proto-West Germanic)
- roccian (Old English)
  - rokken, roggen, rucken, rocken, roggelen (Middle English)
    - rock, rog (English)
      - rocken (German)
*rokkōn (Proto-West Germanic)
- *rukkia, *rokkia (Old Frisian)
  - rukje, rukke (Saterland Frisian)
  - rokje, rukke, rokke (West Frisian)
*rokkōn (Proto-West Germanic)
- *rohhōn, *rochōn (Old High German)
  - rocken (Middle High German)
*rukka (Old Norse)
- rokke (Danish)
- rugga (Faroese)
- rukka, rugga (Icelandic)
- rucka (Swedish)
rugga (Old Norse)
- rokke (Danish)
- rugga (Faroese)
- rukka, rugga (Icelandic)
- rucka (Swedish)

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