*skaftaz

Runic: ᛊᚲᚨᚠᛏᚨᛉ Pronunciation: /ˈskɑɸ.tɑz/

noun · masculine · a-stem

Meanings

shaft

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *skeh₂p- (‘rod, shaft, staff, club’), potentially from a root *(s)ke(H)p- (‘to strike, beat’). Compare Proto-Slavic *kopьje (‘spear, javelin’), Ancient Greek σκῆπτρον (skêptron) (skêptron, ‘staff, baton’) and Latin scapus (‘shaft’), which Albanian shkop (‘stick’) may also derive from or merely be cognate with.

Declension

Case	Singular	Plural
Nom.	skaftaz	skaftōz, skaftōs
Acc.	skaftą	skaftanz
Gen.	skaftas, skaftis	skaftǫ̂
Dat.	skaftai	skaftamaz
Inst.	skaftō	skaftamiz
Voc.	skaft	skaftōz, skaftōs

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Descendants

*skaft (Proto-West Germanic)
- scaft (Old Dutch)
  - schacht, schaft (Middle Dutch)
    - schacht, schaft (Dutch)
      - skag (Afrikaans)
*skaft (Proto-West Germanic)
- sċeaft (Old English)
  - schaft, schafte, scheft, shaft, shafte, sheft, sschaft, saft, scaft, scæft, chafte, schafft, shaffet, shafft (Middle English)
    - shaft (English)
*skaft (Proto-West Germanic)
- sċeaft (Old English)
  - schaft, schafte, scheft, shaft, shafte, sheft, sschaft, saft, scaft, scæft, chafte, schafft, shaffet, shafft (Middle English)
    - schaft, shaft (Middle Scots)
      - shaft (Scots)
*skaft (Proto-West Germanic)
- skeft (Old Frisian)
  - Schacht, Skacht (Saterland Frisian)
  - skaft (West Frisian)
*skaft (Proto-West Germanic)
- skaft (Old High German)
  - schaft (Middle High German)
    - Schaft (German)
*skaft (Proto-West Germanic)
- skaft (Old Saxon)
  - schacht, scacht (Middle Low German)
    - schacht (Dutch Low Saxon)
    - ? (German Low German)
    - Scheft, Schajcht (Plautdietsch)
*skaft (Proto-West Germanic)
- skaft (Old Saxon)
  - schacht, scacht (Middle Low German)
    - schacht (Middle High German)
      - Schacht (Alemannic German)
      - шахта (šaxta) (Belarusian)
      - šachta (Czech)
      - skakt (Danish)
      - ŝakto (Esperanto)
      - šaht (Estonian)
      - Schacht (German)
      - šȁht (Serbo-Croatian)
      - schakt (Swedish)
      - шахта (šaxta) (Ukrainian)
*skaft (Proto-West Germanic)
- skaft (Old Saxon)
  - schacht, scacht (Middle Low German)
    - schacht (Middle High German)
      - szacht (Polish)
        
        ша́хта (šáxta) (Russian)
        
        шахта (şaxta) (Kazakh)
skapt (Old Norse)
- skaft (Danish)
- skaft (Icelandic)
skapt (Old Norse)
- ? (Norwegian)
  - skaft (Norwegian Bokmål)
  - skaft (Norwegian Nynorsk)
skapt (Old Norse)
- skapt, skaft (Old Swedish)
  - skaft (Swedish)
skaft (Old Norse)
- skaft (Danish)
- skaft (Icelandic)
skaft (Old Norse)
- ? (Norwegian)
  - skaft (Norwegian Bokmål)
  - skaft (Norwegian Nynorsk)
skaft (Old Norse)
- skapt, skaft (Old Swedish)
  - skaft (Swedish)

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