*skallijaną
Runic: ᛊᚲᚨᛚᛁᛃᚨᚾᚨ Pronunciation: /ˈskɑl.li.jɑ.nɑ̃/verb · Weak class 1
Meanings
to make a sound; cause (one) to sound; ring
Etymology
Causative of *skellaną, from Proto-Indo-European *skel- (‘to sound, resound’), perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *kelh₁- (‘to call, shout, scream, make a sound’).
Conjugation
Present active
| Person | Indicative | Subjunctive | Imperative |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st singular | skallijō | skallijaų | – |
| 2nd singular | skallīsi | skallijais | skallī |
| 3rd singular | skallīþi | skallijai | skallijaþau |
| 1st dual | skallijōs | skallijaiw | – |
| 2nd dual | skallijaþiz | skallijaiþiz | skallijaþiz |
| 1st plural | skallijamaz | skallijaim | – |
| 2nd plural | skallīþ | skallijaiþ | skallīþ |
| 3rd plural | skallijanþi | skallijain | skallijanþau |
Present passive
| Person | Indicative | Subjunctive |
|---|---|---|
| 1st singular | skallijai | – |
| 2nd singular | skallijasai | skallijaisau |
| 3rd singular | skallijaþai | skallijaiþau |
| 1st dual | – | – |
| 2nd dual | – | – |
| 1st plural | skallijanþai | skallijainþau |
| 2nd plural | skallijanþai | skallijainþau |
| 3rd plural | skallijanþai | skallijainþau |
Past
| Person | Indicative | Subjunctive |
|---|---|---|
| 1st singular | skallidǭ | skallidēdį̄ |
| 2nd singular | skallidēz | skallidēdīz |
| 3rd singular | skallidē | skallidēdī |
| 1st dual | skallidēdū | skallidēdīw |
| 2nd dual | skallidēdudiz | skallidēdīdiz |
| 1st plural | skallidēdum | skallidēdīm |
| 2nd plural | skallidēdud | skallidēdīd |
| 3rd plural | skallidēdun | skallidēdīn |
Non-finite Forms
| Infinitive | Present Participle | Past Participle |
|---|---|---|
| skallijaną | skallijandz | skallidaz |
Descendants
-
sċiellan (Old English)
-
schillen (Middle English)
- shill (English)
- schil, shill (Scots)
-
schillen (Middle English)
-
sċillan (Old English)
-
schillen (Middle English)
- shill (English)
- schil, shill (Scots)
-
schillen (Middle English)
-
*skallen (Old Dutch)
-
schallen, scellen (Middle Dutch)
- schellen (Dutch)
-
schallen, scellen (Middle Dutch)
-
skellan (Old Dutch)
-
schallen, scellen (Middle Dutch)
- schellen (Dutch)
-
schallen, scellen (Middle Dutch)
-
scellen (Old High German)
-
schellen (Middle High German)
- schellen (German)
- schellen (Luxembourgish)
-
schellen (Middle High German)
-
skellen (Old High German)
-
schellen (Middle High German)
- schellen (German)
- schellen (Luxembourgish)
-
schellen (Middle High German)
-
skella (Old Norse)
- skell (English)
- skella (Icelandic)
- skelloch (Scots)
-
skella (Old Norse)
-
skælla (Old Swedish)
- skälla (Swedish)
-
skælla (Old Swedish)