*sōl

Runic: ᛊᛟᛚ Pronunciation: /ˈsɔːl/

noun · neuter · consonant stem

Meanings

  1. sun, the Sun
  2. name of the S-rune (ᛊ)

Etymology

Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *sóh₂wl̥ ~ *sh₂wén-s (‘sun’), though how and as what inflection type are uncertain. Gothic 𐍃𐌰𐌿𐌹𐌻 (sauil) and Old Norse sól point to *s(ᵉ/ₒ)h₂wel- and *sᵉ/ₒh₂wul-, respectively, which perhaps suggests an inherited l/n-stem paradigm *sōl (< *sōwul) ~ *sawiniz (or consonant stem *sōl ~ *sawiliz), with the Gothic leveled from the weak case.

Alternatively reconstructed as *sōel (< *sōwel) ~ *suniz, from Proto-Indo-European *séh₂wel ~ *sh₂un-és, and although this would account for the Gothic form, it is problematic for the West Germanic and Old Norse forms, where one might expect the outcome in Old Saxon to be **sō(w)el, **sō(w)il, compare Old Saxon hnōil, from Proto-West Germanic *hnōil (‘planer’).

Declension

CaseSingularPlural
Nom.sōl–
Acc.sōl–
Gen.sunniniz–
Dat.sunnini–
Inst.sunninē–
Voc.sōl–

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Descendants

  • *sōl (Proto-West Germanic)
    • sōl, siġel, sæġl, syġel, seġl, sweġel, sweġl, swæġl (Old English)
    • sōl (Old Saxon)
  • sól (Old Norse)
    • sol (Danish)
    • sól (Faroese)
    • sol, soli (Gutnish)
    • sól (Icelandic)
    • sul (Norn)
    • sol (Norwegian Bokmål)
    • sol (Norwegian Nynorsk)
    • sul, sool (Scots)
  • sól (Old Norse)
    • sōl (Old Swedish)
      • sol (Swedish)
  • ᛋᚢᛚ (sul) (Old Norse)
    • sol (Danish)
    • sól (Faroese)
    • sol, soli (Gutnish)
    • sól (Icelandic)
    • sul (Norn)
    • sol (Norwegian Bokmål)
    • sol (Norwegian Nynorsk)
    • sul, sool (Scots)
  • ᛋᚢᛚ (sul) (Old Norse)
    • sōl (Old Swedish)
      • sol (Swedish)
  • ᛌᚢᛚ (sul) (Old Norse)
    • sol (Danish)
    • sól (Faroese)
    • sol, soli (Gutnish)
    • sól (Icelandic)
    • sul (Norn)
    • sol (Norwegian Bokmål)
    • sol (Norwegian Nynorsk)
    • sul, sool (Scots)
  • ᛌᚢᛚ (sul) (Old Norse)
    • sōl (Old Swedish)
      • sol (Swedish)
  • ᛋᛟᛚᚢ (sᴏlu) (Old Norse)
    • sol (Danish)
    • sól (Faroese)
    • sol, soli (Gutnish)
    • sól (Icelandic)
    • sul (Norn)
    • sol (Norwegian Bokmål)
    • sol (Norwegian Nynorsk)
    • sul, sool (Scots)
  • ᛋᛟᛚᚢ (sᴏlu) (Old Norse)
    • sōl (Old Swedish)
      • sol (Swedish)
  • 𐍃𐌰𐌿𐌹𐌻 (sauil) (Gothic)

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