*uhnaz

Runic: ᚢᚺᚾᚨᛉ Pronunciation: /ˈux.nɑz/

noun · masculine · a-stem

Meanings

oven; furnace

Etymology

Ascribed to a Proto-Indo-European root *h₂uk-, *h₂ewk- (‘a closed container or vessel for cooking; cookpot; oven’) or similar by equation with Sanskrit उखा (ukhā) (ukhā), Albanian anë, Ancient Greek ἰπνός (ipnós) (ipnós), Latin ōlla. It is unclear whether the byform *ufnaz (Proto-West Germanic *ofn) is the same word, or represents a different word altogether. More at *aflaz.

Kroonen suggests that the word is a Wanderwort from a pre-IE substrate language, adducing Hittite 𒄩𒀊𒁉𒈾𒀸 (ḫa-ap-pé-na-aš /⁠ḫapːenas⁠/, ‘baking kiln, fire-pit, broiler (oven)’), Old Prussian wumpnis (‘oven’) as additional cognates. Native terms for ovens and stoves are not taken for granted: the East Slavic term плита́ (plitá, ‘stove’) appears from Ancient Greek in the Middle Ages, against the earlier new formation печь (pečʹ, ‘oven’), and Arabic, in a warmer climate, seems to have many but no native terms: أَتُّون (ʔattūn), تَنُّور (tannūr), فُرْن (furn), قَمِين (qamīn).

Declension

Case	Singular	Plural
Nom.	uhnaz	uhnōz, uhnōs
Acc.	uhną	uhnanz
Gen.	uhnas, uhnis	uhnǫ̂
Dat.	uhnai	uhnamaz
Inst.	uhnō	uhnamiz
Voc.	uhn	uhnōz, uhnōs

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Descendants

*ofn (Proto-West Germanic)
- *ovan (Old Dutch)
  - ōven (Middle Dutch)
    - aove (Limburgish)
    - oven (West Flemish)
    - oven (Zealandic)
*ofn (Proto-West Germanic)
- *ovan (Old Dutch)
  - ōven (Middle Dutch)
    - oven (Dutch)
      - oond (Afrikaans)
      - ofen (Caribbean Javanese)
      - oven (Indonesian)
      - oven (Negerhollands)
*ofn (Proto-West Germanic)
- *ovan (Old Dutch)
  - ōven (Middle Dutch)
    - oven (Dutch)
      - onfu (Sranan Tongo)
        
        ónfu (Saramaccan)
*ofn (Proto-West Germanic)
- ofn, ofen (Old English)
  - oven (Middle English)
    - oven (English)
    - ovin, uven, une (Scots)
*ofn (Proto-West Germanic)
- oven (Old Frisian)
  - oven, ouvn (North Frisian)
  - Ougend (Saterland Frisian)
  - ûne, ûn (West Frisian)
*ofn (Proto-West Germanic)
- ofan, ovan (Old High German)
  - oven, ofen (Middle High German)
    - Ofen (German)
    - uwa (Vilamovian)
    - אויוון (oyvn) (Yiddish)
*ofn (Proto-West Germanic)
- ofan, ovan (Old High German)
  - oven, ofen (Middle High German)
    - Ovve, Owe, Oawe, Uawe (Central Franconian)
      - Ove (Hunsrik)
      - Uewen (Luxembourgish)
      - Owen, Îewen (Transylvanian Saxon)
*ofn (Proto-West Germanic)
- *ovan (Old Saxon)
  - ōven (Middle Low German)
    - Aven (German Low German)
ofn (Old Norse)
- ovnur (Faroese)
- ofn (Icelandic)
ofn (Old Norse)
- ofn, ouæn (Old Danish)
  - ovn (Danish)
    - ovn (Norwegian Bokmål)
ofn (Old Norse)
- ovn, ogn (Old Norwegian)
  - ogn, obn, ovn, obm, om, ømn, umn (Norwegian)
  - omn (Norwegian Nynorsk)
ofn (Old Norse)
- oghn, ughn (Old Swedish)
  - uuni (Finnish)
  - ugn (Swedish)
omn (Old Norse)
- ovnur (Faroese)
- ofn (Icelandic)
omn (Old Norse)
- ofn, ouæn (Old Danish)
  - ovn (Danish)
    - ovn (Norwegian Bokmål)
omn (Old Norse)
- ovn, ogn (Old Norwegian)
  - ogn, obn, ovn, obm, om, ømn, umn (Norwegian)
  - omn (Norwegian Nynorsk)
omn (Old Norse)
- oghn, ughn (Old Swedish)
  - uuni (Finnish)
  - ugn (Swedish)
*ogn (Old Norse)
- ovnur (Faroese)
- ofn (Icelandic)
*ogn (Old Norse)
- ofn, ouæn (Old Danish)
  - ovn (Danish)
    - ovn (Norwegian Bokmål)
*ogn (Old Norse)
- ovn, ogn (Old Norwegian)
  - ogn, obn, ovn, obm, om, ømn, umn (Norwegian)
  - omn (Norwegian Nynorsk)
*ogn (Old Norse)
- oghn, ughn (Old Swedish)
  - uuni (Finnish)
  - ugn (Swedish)
𐌰𐌿𐌷𐌽𐍃 (auhns) (Gothic)
*uunas (Proto-Finnic)

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