*þwīnaną
Runic: ᚦᚹᛁᚾᚨᚾᚨ Pronunciation: /ˈθwiː.nɑ.nɑ̃/verb · Strong class 1
Meanings
to dwindle, to disappear
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *dʰgʷʰey- (‘to decline, perish’).
According to Kroonen the development of the initial consonant cluster was unstable, leading to the doublets *dwīnaną and *swīnaną.
An older hypothesis compares Ancient Greek σῑ́νομαι (sī́nomai) (sī́nomai, ‘to damage, injure, devastate, plunder’), itself of disputed origin.
Conjugation
Present active
| Person | Indicative | Subjunctive | Imperative |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st singular | þwīnō | þwīnaų | – |
| 2nd singular | þwīnizi | þwīnaiz | þwīn |
| 3rd singular | þwīnidi | þwīnai | þwīnadau |
| 1st dual | þwīnōz | þwīnaiw | – |
| 2nd dual | þwīnadiz | þwīnaidiz | þwīnadiz |
| 1st plural | þwīnamaz | þwīnaim | – |
| 2nd plural | þwīnid | þwīnaid | þwīnid |
| 3rd plural | þwīnandi | þwīnain | þwīnandau |
Present passive
| Person | Indicative | Subjunctive |
|---|---|---|
| 1st singular | þwīnai | – |
| 2nd singular | þwīnazai | þwīnaizau |
| 3rd singular | þwīnadai | þwīnaidau |
| 1st dual | – | – |
| 2nd dual | – | – |
| 1st plural | þwīnandai | þwīnaindau |
| 2nd plural | þwīnandai | þwīnaindau |
| 3rd plural | þwīnandai | þwīnaindau |
Past
| Person | Indicative | Subjunctive |
|---|---|---|
| 1st singular | þwain | þwinį̄ |
| 2nd singular | þwaint | þwinīz |
| 3rd singular | þwain | þwinī |
| 1st dual | þwinū | þwinīw |
| 2nd dual | þwinudiz | þwinīdiz |
| 1st plural | þwinum | þwinīm |
| 2nd plural | þwinud | þwinīd |
| 3rd plural | þwinun | þwinīn |
Non-finite Forms
| Infinitive | Present Participle | Past Participle |
|---|---|---|
| þwīnaną | þwīnandz | þwinanaz |
Descendants
-
*þwīnan (Proto-West Germanic)
- þwīnan (Old English)
-
þvína (Old Norse)
-
twæne (Old Danish)
-
tvine (Danish)
- tvine (Norwegian Bokmål)
-
tvine (Danish)
-
twæne (Old Danish)
-
þvína (Old Norse)
-
thvīna (Old Swedish)
- tvina (Swedish)
-
thvīna (Old Swedish)