*-ōþuz
Runic: ᛟᚦᚢᛉ Pronunciation: /ɔː.θuz/suffix · forms nouns · masculine · u-stem
Function
forms masculine u-stem action/result nouns, especially from weak class 2 verbs, denoting the action, practice, process, or result associated with the verb
Etymology
From the Weak class 2 stem-formant *-ō- (from Proto-Indo-European eh₂-stem noun suffix *-éh₂) + *-þuz, from Proto-Indo-European *-tu-s. It was a productive PGmc noun-forming suffix used with Weak class 2 verbs, in contrast to the older simple *-þuznouns which were less common (Kluge 1899: §§133–135; Krahe & Meid 1969: §124; Ringe 2017: 325). Compare Latin fourth-declension nouns in -ātus, such as senātus and magistrātus, formed by rebracketing of action nouns in -tus, -tūs of first conjugation verbs such as mercātus (mercor + *-tu-s), where -ā- was actually part of the stem (Miller 2006: 51; Weiss 2009: 322–23).
Paradigm
| Case | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| Nom. | -ōþuz | -ōþiwiz |
| Acc. | -ōþų | -ōþunz |
| Gen. | -ōþauz | -ōþiwǫ̂ |
| Dat. | -ōþiwi | -ōþumaz |
| Inst. | -ōþū | -ōþumiz |
| Voc. | -ōþu | -ōþiwiz |
Descendants
- -aþ, -oþ (Old English)
- -aðr, -naðr, -uðr (Old Norse)
- -𐍉𐌸𐌿𐍃 (-ōþus), -𐍉𐌳𐌿𐍃 (-ōdus) (Gothic)