*aganą
Runic: ᚨᚷᚨᚾᚨ Pronunciation: /ˈɑ.ɣɑ.nɑ̃/verb · Preterite-present
Meanings
to fear, to be afraid; to feel dread or emotional distress
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *h₂eh₂ógʰe ~ *h₂eh₂gʰḗr, the reduplicated perfect/stative of *h₂egʰ- (Kroonen 2013: 3; Ringe 2017: 178; Rix et al. 2001: 257). The formation survived in Germanic as a preterite-present verb, with singular *ōg- beside non-singular *ag-. Compare Old Irish ad·ágathar, Ancient Greek ᾰ̓́χνῠμαι (ắkhnŭmai), and Sanskrit अघ (aghá) (van Sluis et al. 2023: 214).
Conjugation
Present active
| Person | Indicative | Subjunctive | Imperative |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st singular | ōg | agį̄ | – |
| 2nd singular | ōht | agīz | – |
| 3rd singular | ōg | agī | – |
| 1st dual | agū | agīw | – |
| 2nd dual | agudiz | agīdiz | – |
| 1st plural | agum | agīm | – |
| 2nd plural | agud | agīd | – |
| 3rd plural | agun | agīn | – |
Present passive
| Person | Indicative | Subjunctive |
|---|---|---|
| 1st singular | – | – |
| 2nd singular | – | – |
| 3rd singular | – | – |
| 1st dual | – | – |
| 2nd dual | – | – |
| 1st plural | – | – |
| 2nd plural | – | – |
| 3rd plural | – | – |
Past
| Person | Indicative | Subjunctive |
|---|---|---|
| 1st singular | ahtǭ | ahtēdį̄ |
| 2nd singular | ahtēz | ahtēdīz |
| 3rd singular | ahtē | ahtēdī |
| 1st dual | ahtēdū | ahtēdīw |
| 2nd dual | ahtēdudiz | ahtēdīdiz |
| 1st plural | ahtēdum | ahtēdīm |
| 2nd plural | ahtēdud | ahtēdīd |
| 3rd plural | ahtēdun | ahtēdīn |
Non-finite Forms
| Infinitive | Present Participle | Past Participle |
|---|---|---|
| aganą | agandz | ahtaz |
Descendants
- 𐍉𐌲𐌰𐌽 (ōgan) (Gothic)