*ahtudô
Runic: ᚨᚺᛏᚢᛞᛟ Pronunciation: /ˈɑx.tu.ðɔːː/adjective · an/īn-stem
Meanings
eighth; occupying position eight in a sequence
Etymology
From *ahtōu + *-dô (ordinal suffix) < Proto-Indo-European *-tó-, probably from pre-Germanic *h₃eḱtu-tó-. The voiced dental is an outcome of Verner’s Law with the original accent on the suffix. Comparanda include Latin octāvus , Ancient Greek ὄγδοος (ógdoos), Sanskrit अष्टम (aṣṭamá-), Tocharian A oktänt, and Tocharian B oktante, all meaning ‘eighth’. However, they all reflect different post-PIE ordinal formations rather than one uniform inherited form (Fulk 2018: 233–34; Mallory & Adams 1997: 403; Szemerényi 1960: 173–74).
Declension
Strong declension
| Case | Sg. Masc. | Sg. Fem. | Sg. Neut. | Pl. Masc. | Pl. Fem. | Pl. Neut. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nom. | ahtudô | ahtudį̄ | ahtudô | ahtudaniz | ahtudīniz | ahtudōnō |
| Acc. | ahtudanų | ahtudīnų | ahtudô | ahtudanunz | ahtudīnunz | ahtudōnō |
| Gen. | ahtudiniz | ahtudīniz | ahtudiniz | ahtudanǫ̂ | ahtudīnǫ̂ | ahtudanǫ̂ |
| Dat. | ahtudini | ahtudīni | ahtudini | ahtudammaz | ahtudīmaz | ahtudammaz |
| Inst. | ahtudinē | ahtudīnē | ahtudinē | ahtudammiz | ahtudīmiz | ahtudammiz |
Weak declension
| Case | Sg. Masc. | Sg. Fem. | Sg. Neut. | Pl. Masc. | Pl. Fem. | Pl. Neut. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nom. | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Acc. | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Gen. | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Dat. | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Inst. | – | – | – | – | – | – |
Descendants
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*ahtudō (Proto-West Germanic)
-
*ahtodo (Old Dutch)
- achte (Middle Dutch)
-
*ahtodo (Old Dutch)
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*ahtudō (Proto-West Germanic)
-
eahtoþa, eahteoþa, eahteþa, ehtoþa, ehteoþa, ehteþa, ehtuþa (Old English)
-
eiȝtthe, eyghte, aght, eiȝteþe, eyteth, eghte, aiȝtede, eighthe, eghþe, eytþe, eȝte, eytiþ, eiȝtþe, eahtuðe, ehtuðe, egteðe (Middle English)
- eighth (English)
- echt (Scots)
-
eiȝtthe, eyghte, aght, eiȝteþe, eyteth, eghte, aiȝtede, eighthe, eghþe, eytþe, eȝte, eytiþ, eiȝtþe, eahtuðe, ehtuðe, egteðe (Middle English)
-
eahtoþa, eahteoþa, eahteþa, ehtoþa, ehteoþa, ehteþa, ehtuþa (Old English)
-
*ahtudō (Proto-West Germanic)
-
achtunda, achtenda, achtanda (Old Frisian)
- oachte (Saterland Frisian)
- achtste (West Frisian)
-
achtunda, achtenda, achtanda (Old Frisian)
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*ahtudō (Proto-West Germanic)
-
ahtodo (Old High German)
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ahtode, ahte, ahtede (Middle High German)
- achte (German)
- aachde (Kölsch)
- aacht (Luxembourgish)
- אַכט (akht) (Yiddish)
-
ahtode, ahte, ahtede (Middle High German)
-
ahtodo (Old High German)
-
*ahtudō (Proto-West Germanic)
-
ahtodo (Old Saxon)
- achte (Middle Low German)
-
ahtodo (Old Saxon)
-
átti (Old Norse)
- átti (Icelandic)
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áttandi (Old Norse)
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áttandi, áttundi (Old Norse)
- áttandi (Faroese)
- áttundi (Icelandic)
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áttandi, áttundi (Old Norse)
-
áttandi (Old Norse)
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áttandi, áttundi (Old Norse)
-
atændæ (Old Danish)
- ottende (Danish)
-
atændæ (Old Danish)
-
áttandi, áttundi (Old Norse)
-
áttandi (Old Norse)
-
áttandi, áttundi (Old Norse)
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āttunde, āttande (Old Swedish)
- åttonde (Swedish)
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āttunde, āttande (Old Swedish)
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áttandi, áttundi (Old Norse)
- 𐌰𐌷𐍄𐌿𐌳𐌰 (ahtuda) (Gothic)