*aibraz

Runic: ᚨᛁᛒᚱᚨᛉ Pronunciation: /ˈɑi̯.βrɑz/

adjective · a-stem

Meanings

  1. sharp, bitter
  2. vehement, dire
  3. violent

Etymology

Uncertain, but possibly from Proto-Germanic *oy-bʰr-ó-s from Proto-Indo-European *óy- + the zero-grade of the root *bʰer- + thematic *-ó- with a meaning like ‘alone-bearing’ or ‘carrying/keeping to itself’ (Dunkel 2014: 587–88; Wodtko et al. 2008: 16). Possible comparanda are Tocharian A ewär and dialectal Lithuanian aibrùmas (Wodtko et al. 2008: 21 n. 16), perhaps from an earlier sense ‘bitterness, astringency’. Dunkel (2014: 587–88) analyzes the word with a semantic path ‘isolated, alone’ → ‘wild, unruly’ → ‘harsh, fierce’.

Declension

Strong declension

CaseSg. Masc.Sg. Fem.Sg. Neut.Pl. Masc.Pl. Fem.Pl. Neut.
Nom.aibrazaibrōaibrą, -atōaibraiaibrôzaibrō
Acc.aibranǭaibrǭaibrą, -atōaibranzaibrōzaibrō
Gen.aibras, -isaibraizōzaibras, -isaibraizǫ̂aibraizǫ̂aibraizǫ̂
Dat.aibrammaiaibraizōiaibrammaiaibraimazaibraimazaibraimaz
Inst.aibranōaibraizōaibranōaibraimizaibraimizaibraimiz

Weak declension

CaseSg. Masc.Sg. Fem.Sg. Neut.Pl. Masc.Pl. Fem.Pl. Neut.
Nom.aibrôaibrǭaibrôaibranizaibrōnizaibrōnō
Acc.aibranųaibrōnųaibrôaibranunzaibrōnunzaibrōnō
Gen.aibrinizaibrōnizaibrinizaibranǫ̂aibrōnǫ̂aibranǫ̂
Dat.aibriniaibrōniaibriniaibrammazaibrōmazaibrammaz
Inst.aibrinēaibrōnēaibrinēaibrammizaibrōmizaibrammiz

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Descendants

  • *aibr (Proto-West Germanic)
    • ābor, āfor (Old English)
    • eibar, eivar, eifar, aipar, eipar, eiber, eiver, eifir (Old High German)
  • *aibr (Proto-West Germanic)
    • *āver (Old Frisian)
      • aver (Dutch)
  • æfr (Old Norse)
    • æfur (Icelandic)
  • *𐌰𐌹𐍆𐍂𐍃 (*aifrs) (Gothic)

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