*airizô
Runic: ᚨᛁᚱᛁᛉᛟ Pronunciation: /ˈɑi̯.ri.zɔːː/adjective · an/īn-stem
Meanings
earlier; preceding in time; former
Etymology
From the temporal adverb *airi + the comparative suffix *-izô. Unlike an ordinary adjectival comparative, *airizô was formed directly to an adverb and had no corresponding positive adjective; such independently formed comparatives are inherited relics of an older Indo-European system (Ringe 2017: 317–18). The base *airi continues Proto-Indo-European *h₂éyeri, probably a temporal adverb formed from the locative of an old r/n-stem *h₂éy-r̥ ~ *h₂éy-en. Compare Ancient Greek ἦρι (êri) and Avestan 𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬀𐬭𐬆 (aiiarə) (Dunkel 2014: 258; Kroonen 2013: s.v. *airi-). The suffix reflects the zero grade *-is- of the Proto-Indo-European comparative or elative suffix *-yos- ~ *-is-, followed by Germanic weak n-stem inflection (Meier-Brügger 2003: 220–21; Ringe 2017: 315–18).
Usage Note
There is no existing positive degree for this word; instead, there are various adjectival formations used to express it. It has a weak declension only.
Declension
Strong declension
| Case | Sg. Masc. | Sg. Fem. | Sg. Neut. | Pl. Masc. | Pl. Fem. | Pl. Neut. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nom. | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Acc. | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Gen. | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Dat. | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Inst. | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Weak declension
| Case | Sg. Masc. | Sg. Fem. | Sg. Neut. | Pl. Masc. | Pl. Fem. | Pl. Neut. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nom. | airizô | airizį̄ | airizô | airizaniz | airizīniz | airizōnō |
| Acc. | airizanų | airizīnų | airizô | airizô | airizanunz | airizīnunz |
| Gen. | airizōnō | airiziniz | airizīniz | airiziniz | airizanǫ̂ | airizīnǫ̂ |
| Dat. | airizini | airizīni | airizini | airizammaz | airizīmaz | airizammaz |
| Inst. | airizinē | airizīnē | airizīnē | airizammiz | airizīmiz | airizammiz |
Descendants
-
*airiʀō (Proto-West Germanic)
-
*ēriro (Old Dutch)
-
eerre (Middle Dutch)
-
eerder (Dutch)
- eerder (Afrikaans)
-
eerder (Dutch)
-
eerre (Middle Dutch)
-
*ēriro (Old Dutch)
-
*airiʀō (Proto-West Germanic)
-
ǣrra (Old English)
- ærre, eror, erore (Middle English)
-
ǣrra (Old English)
-
*airiʀō (Proto-West Germanic)
- earder (West Frisian)
-
*airiʀō (Proto-West Germanic)
-
êrer (Middle Low German)
- ehrder (Low German)
-
êrer (Middle Low German)
-
*airiʀō (Proto-West Germanic)
-
ēriro, ēroro (Old High German)
-
ērer (Middle High German)
- eher (German)
-
ērer (Middle High German)
-
ēriro, ēroro (Old High German)
- 𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌹𐌶𐌰 (airiza) (Gothic)