*aiwaz
Runic: ᚨᛁᚹᚨᛉ Pronunciation: /ˈɑi̯.wɑz/noun · masculine · a-stem
Meanings
- long time, age, eternity
- law
Etymology
In the temporal sense, from Proto-Indo-European thematic *h₂ey-w-o-s, created by remodeling the older ablauting *h₂óyu ~ *h₂yéw-, ultimately from root *h₂ey-. Cognates include Sanskrit आयुः (ā́yuḥ), Old Avestan 𐬁𐬌𐬌𐬎 (āiiu-), Latin aevus/aevum, and Ancient Greek αἰών (aiṓn), the latter enlarged with *-on- (Beekes 2010: 46–47; de Vaan 2008: s.v. aevus/aevum; Kroonen 2013: 16; Watkins 2011: s.v. aiw-).
The meaning ‘law, right, established custom’ is confined principally to West Germanic. Kroonen (2013: 16) compares Latin iūs , iūris, from PIE *h₂yew-es-, and regards the etymology as identical with the temporal noun, perhaps through the notion of ‘something enduring, traditionally established, or permanently valid’.
Declension
| Case | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| Nom. | aiwaz | aiwōz, aiwōs |
| Acc. | aiwą | aiwanz |
| Gen. | aiwas, aiwis | aiwǫ̂ |
| Dat. | aiwai | aiwamaz |
| Inst. | aiwō | aiwamiz |
| Voc. | aiw | aiwōz, aiwōs |
Descendants
-
*aiw, *aiwu (Proto-West Germanic)
-
ēwa (Old Dutch)
-
io (Old Dutch)
- ie (Middle Dutch)
-
io (Old Dutch)
-
ēwa (Old Dutch)
-
*aiw, *aiwu (Proto-West Germanic)
-
ēwa (Old Dutch)
-
êwe, êeu (Middle Dutch)
- ieuw (Limburgish)
-
êwe, êeu (Middle Dutch)
-
ēwa (Old Dutch)
-
*aiw, *aiwu (Proto-West Germanic)
-
ēwa (Old Dutch)
-
êwe, êeu (Middle Dutch)
-
eeuw (Dutch)
- eeu (Afrikaans)
-
eeuw (Dutch)
-
êwe, êeu (Middle Dutch)
-
ēwa (Old Dutch)
-
*aiw, *aiwu (Proto-West Germanic)
-
āwa, ā (Old English)
- ō, ā (Middle English)
-
āwa, ā (Old English)
-
*aiw, *aiwu (Proto-West Germanic)
-
ēwa, ēwe, ē (Old Frisian)
- ā (Old Frisian)
- iuw (West Frisian)
-
ēwa, ēwe, ē (Old Frisian)
-
*aiw, *aiwu (Proto-West Germanic)
-
ēwa, ēuua, aeuua, ēo, ēa (Old High German)
-
ēwe, ē (Middle High German)
- Ee, E-e (Alemannic German)
- Ehe (German)
-
ēwe, ē (Middle High German)
-
ēwa, ēuua, aeuua, ēo, ēa (Old High German)
-
*aiw, *aiwu (Proto-West Germanic)
-
ēwa, ēuua, aeuua, ēo, ēa (Old High German)
-
io (Old High German)
-
ie (Middle High German)
- je (German)
-
ie (Middle High German)
-
io (Old High German)
-
ēwa, ēuua, aeuua, ēo, ēa (Old High German)
-
*aiw, *aiwu (Proto-West Germanic)
-
ēo, io, ēu, ē (Old Saxon)
-
ê, ee, eje, ewe (Middle Low German)
- Ehe (Low German)
-
ê, ee, eje, ewe (Middle Low German)
-
ēo, io, ēu, ē (Old Saxon)
- *ᚨᛁᚹᚨᛉ (*aiwaʀ) (Proto-Norse)
-
*ᚨᛁᚹᚨᛉ (*aiwaʀ) (Proto-Norse)
-
æ, ei, ey (Old Norse)
- æ (Icelandic)
-
æ, ei, ey (Old Norse)
-
*ᚨᛁᚹᚨᛉ (*aiwaʀ) (Proto-Norse)
-
æ, ei, ey (Old Norse)
-
aye, ai, agg (Middle English)
- aye (English)
-
aye, ai, agg (Middle English)
-
æ, ei, ey (Old Norse)
- 𐌰𐌹𐍅𐍃 (aiws), 𐌰𐌹𐍅 (aiw) (Gothic)
- *aika (Proto-Finnic)