*aizāną
Runic: ᚨᛁᛉᚨᚾᚨ Pronunciation: /ˈɑi̯.zɑː.nɑ̃/verb · Weak class 3
Meanings
to honor, respect, show reverence to; also to show mercy or favor, spare
Etymology
A denominal factitive verb from *aizō + *-āną, literally ‘to accord honor or favor to, treat with respect’. The base *aizō continues Proto-Indo-European *h₂oys-éh₂, an o-grade abstract formation ultimately associated with root *h₂eys- (Fulk 2018: 308–13; Kroonen 2013: s.v. *aizo-). The Germanic meanings ‘honor, worship’, ‘favor, assist’, ‘give a present’, and ‘spare, show mercy’ probably reflect a single semantic development from ‘treat with reverence or benevolence’ (Must 1961: 326–28). Compare the related d-extended root *h₂eysd- reflected in *aistāną and Sanskrit ईट्टे (ī́ṭṭe) (Rix et al. 2001: s.v. *h₂eisd-).
Conjugation
Present active
| Person | Indicative | Subjunctive | Imperative |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st singular | aizō | – | – |
| 2nd singular | aizaisi | – | aizai |
| 3rd singular | aizaiþi | – | aizāþau |
| 1st dual | aizōs | – | – |
| 2nd dual | aizāþiz | – | aizāþiz |
| 1st plural | aizāmaz | – | – |
| 2nd plural | aizaiþ | – | aizaiþ |
| 3rd plural | aizānþi | – | aizānþau |
Present passive
| Person | Indicative | Subjunctive |
|---|---|---|
| 1st singular | – | – |
| 2nd singular | aizāsai | – |
| 3rd singular | aizāþai | – |
| 1st dual | – | – |
| 2nd dual | – | – |
| 1st plural | aizānþai | – |
| 2nd plural | aizānþai | – |
| 3rd plural | aizānþai | – |
Past
| Person | Indicative | Subjunctive |
|---|---|---|
| 1st singular | aizadǭ | aizadēdį̄ |
| 2nd singular | aizadēz | aizadēdīz |
| 3rd singular | aizadē | aizadēdī |
| 1st dual | aizadēdū | aizadēdīw |
| 2nd dual | aizadēdudiz | aizadēdīdiz |
| 1st plural | aizadēdum | aizadēdīm |
| 2nd plural | aizadēdud | aizadēdīd |
| 3rd plural | aizadēdun | aizadēdīn |
Non-finite Forms
| Infinitive | Present Participle | Past Participle |
|---|---|---|
| aizāną | aizāndz | aizadaz |
Descendants
-
*aiʀēn (Proto-West Germanic)
-
ēron (Old Dutch)
-
ēren (Middle Dutch)
- ieëre (Limburgish)
-
ēren (Middle Dutch)
-
ēron (Old Dutch)
-
*aiʀēn (Proto-West Germanic)
-
ēron (Old Dutch)
-
ēren (Middle Dutch)
-
eren (Dutch)
- eer (Afrikaans)
-
eren (Dutch)
-
ēren (Middle Dutch)
-
ēron (Old Dutch)
-
*aiʀēn (Proto-West Germanic)
-
ārian (Old English)
- oren, aren, arenn (Middle English)
-
ārian (Old English)
-
*aiʀēn (Proto-West Germanic)
-
āria, ēria (Old Frisian)
- eere (Saterland Frisian)
- eare (West Frisian)
-
āria, ēria (Old Frisian)
-
*aiʀēn (Proto-West Germanic)
-
ērēn (Old High German)
-
ēren (Middle High German)
- ehren (German)
-
ēren (Middle High German)
-
ērēn (Old High German)
-
*aiʀēn (Proto-West Germanic)
-
ērōn (Old Saxon)
-
êren (Middle Low German)
- ehren (Low German)
-
êren (Middle Low German)
-
ērōn (Old Saxon)
-
eira (Old Norse)
- eira (Faroese)
- eira (Icelandic)