*ankwô

From pre-Germanic *óngʷō, continuing the collective *h₃éngʷō of the Proto-Indo-European neuter n-stem *h₃éngʷn̥ ~ *h₃n̥gʷéns, derived from *h₃engʷ- (Fulk 2018: 169; Jasanoff 2002: 35; Kroonen 2011a: 32; Kroonen 2013: s.v. *ankwan-; Pronk 2021: 151–52; Ringe 2017: 120). The semantic range ‘ointment’ ~ ‘butter’ is old, reflecting the use of fatty substances both as food and for smearing or anointing (Mallory & Adams 1997: 24, 382; Pronk 2021: 151–52). Direct nominal cognates are Latin unguen and Old Irish imb; the same root is reflected in Old Armenian աւծանեմ (awcanem), Latin unguō, Sanskrit अनक्ति (anákti), and, in a different formation *h₃n̥gʷ-tó-s, Old Prussian anctan (Kroonen 2011a: 32; Kroonen 2013: s.v. *ankwan-; Mallory & Adams 1997: 24, 382). LIV² instead reconstructs *h₂engʷ- on the basis chiefly of Greek evidence and treats the Italic o-vocalism as analogical, but the *h₃- reconstruction is also used in the more recent treatment by Pronk (Pronk 2021: 151–52; Rix et al. 2001: 267).