*argijaną

Runic: ᚨᚱᚷᛁᛃᚨᚾᚨ Pronunciation: /ˈɑr.ɣi.jɑ.nɑ̃/

verb · Weak class 1

Meanings

to spoil, ruin; corrupt
to make cowardly; weaken

Etymology

From *argaz + *-(i)janą¹, literally ‘to make bad or cowardly’. The formation is reflected by Middle High German gi-ergen and Old Norse ergjask, the latter attested only reflexively/deponently (Heidermanns 1993: 102–103; Orel 2003: 23). Compare the separate Proto-West Germanic stative/fientive *argēn, reflected by Old English eargian, Old Frisian ergia, and Old High German irargēn (Faltings 2010: 107; Heidermanns 1993: 103; Lloyd & Springer 1988: s.v. arg²).

Conjugation

Present active

Person	Indicative	Subjunctive	Imperative
1st singular	argijō	argijaų	–
2nd singular	argīsi	argijais	argī
3rd singular	argīþi	argijai	argijaþau
1st dual	argijōs	argijaiw	–
2nd dual	argijaþiz	argijaiþiz	argijaþiz
1st plural	argijamaz	argijaim	–
2nd plural	argīþ	argijaiþ	argīþ
3rd plural	argijanþi	argijain	argijanþau

Present passive

Person	Indicative	Subjunctive
1st singular	argijai	–
2nd singular	argijasai	argijaisau
3rd singular	argijaþai	argijaiþau
1st dual	–	–
2nd dual	–	–
1st plural	argijanþai	argijainþau
2nd plural	argijanþai	argijainþau
3rd plural	argijanþai	argijainþau

Past

Person	Indicative	Subjunctive
1st singular	argidǭ	argidēdį̄
2nd singular	argidēz	argidēdīz
3rd singular	argidē	argidēdī
1st dual	argidēdū	argidēdīw
2nd dual	argidēdudiz	argidēdīdiz
1st plural	argidēdum	argidēdīm
2nd plural	argidēdud	argidēdīd
3rd plural	argidēdun	argidēdīn

Non-finite Forms

Infinitive	Present Participle	Past Participle
argijaną	argijandz	argidaz

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Descendants

*argijan (Proto-West Germanic)
- *ergen (Old Dutch)
  - ergen, argen (Middle Dutch)
    - ergen, argen (Dutch)
      - erg (Afrikaans)
*argijan (Proto-West Germanic)
- *ergen (Old High German)
  - ergen (Middle High German)
*argijan (Proto-West Germanic)
- *ergian (Old Saxon)
  - ergen (Middle Low German)
*ergja, ergjask (Old Norse)
- ergja (Icelandic)

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