*arsaz

Runic: ᚨᚱᛊᚨᛉ Pronunciation: /ˈɑr.sɑz/

noun · masculine · a-stem

Meanings

arse/ass, buttocks; rump

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *h₁órs-o-s, a masculine thematic o-stem. Cognate with Ancient Greek ὄρρος (órrhos) < *órsos; related οὐρά (ourā́) reflects *h₁ors-éh₂- (Beekes 2010: s.vv. ὄρρος, οὐρά). Compare Hittite 𒅈𒊏𒀸 (ar-ra-aš /⁠arraš⁠/), Middle Armenian ոռ (oṙ), and Middle Irish err, reflecting an e-grade formation. The initial *h₁ is not universally reconstructed; Ringe gives *órsos, which yields the same Proto-Germanic form (Kloekhorst 2008: 199, s.v. (ᵘᶻᵘ)arra-; Kroonen 2013: 35, s.v. arsa-; Martirosyan 2010: 531–32, s.v. oṙ; Matasović 2009a: 118, s.v. errā; Ringe 2017: 89, 170; Ringe 2024: 140; Wodtko et al. 2008: 246–48, s.v. h₁órs-o-).

Declension

Case	Singular	Plural
Nom.	arsaz	arsōz, arsōs
Acc.	arsą	arsanz
Gen.	arsas, arsis	arsǫ̂
Dat.	arsai	arsamaz
Inst.	arsō	arsamiz
Voc.	ars	arsōz, arsōs

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Descendants

*ars (Proto-West Germanic)
- *ars (Old Dutch)
  - āers (Middle Dutch)
    - aars (Dutch)
      - aars (Afrikaans)
*ars (Proto-West Germanic)
- ears, ærs (Old English)
  - ars, arce, ers, eres, hars, hers, aars (Middle English)
    - arse, ass (English)
    - ers, airse (Scots)
*ars (Proto-West Germanic)
- ers (Old Frisian)
  - Iers, Äirs (Saterland Frisian)
  - ears (West Frisian)
*ars (Proto-West Germanic)
- ars (Old High German)
  - ars (Middle High German)
    - Oasch (Bavarian)
    - Arsch (German)
    - Aasch (Luxembourgish)
    - Aarsch (Pennsylvania German)
*ars (Proto-West Germanic)
- ars (Old Saxon)
  - ars (Middle Low German)
    - ars, ors (Dutch Low Saxon)
    - Aars (Low German)
ars (Old Norse)
- arsur (Faroese)
- ars (Icelandic)
ars (Old Norse)
- ars (Old Swedish)
  - arsel, arsle (Swedish)
rass (Old Norse)
- rassur (Faroese)
- rass (Icelandic)
- rass (Norwegian Bokmål)
- rass (Norwegian Nynorsk)

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