*arwaz^¹

Runic: ᚨᚱᚹᚨᛉ Pronunciation: /ˈɑr.wɑz/

noun · neuter · z-stem

Meanings

a scar; the healed mark left by a wound

Etymology

From an inherited neuter s-stem, Proto-Indo-European *h₂/₃éru-s ~ *h₂/₃ru-és-. The direct Indo-European cognate is Sanskrit अरुस् (árus) (Monier-Williams 1899: s.v. अरुस् (árus)), whose close formal and semantic agreement with the Germanic noun supports reconstruction of the word despite its limited distribution (Kroonen 2013: 37–38, s.v. *arwiz-; Mallory & Adams 1997: 650; Orel 2003: 25). Proto-Germanic retained the inherited alternation as nominative-accusative *arwaz beside oblique *arwiz; North Germanic generalized the latter stem, while West Germanic remodeled the noun as an n-stem *arwan-/*arwōn- after speakers also reinterpreted an -n from a neighboring word as belonging to the noun itself (e.g., English “newt” from Middle English “an ewte” > “a newte”) (Kroonen 2013: 37–38, s.v. *arwiz-).

Declension

Case	Singular	Plural
Nom.	arwaz	arwizō
Acc.	arwaz	arwizō
Gen.	arwiziz	arwizǫ̂
Dat.	arwizi	arwizumaz
Inst.	arwizē	arwizumiz
Voc.	arwaz	arwizō

Find a form

Descendants

*narwō (Proto-West Germanic)
- *narwo, narwa, narawa (Old Dutch)
  - *narwe, nerwe (Middle Dutch)
    - nerf (Dutch)
*narwō (Proto-West Germanic)
- narwo, narwa (Old High German)
  - narwe, nare, nar (Middle High German)
    - Naarf (Luxembourgish)
*narwō (Proto-West Germanic)
- narwo, narwa, narawa (Old High German)
  - narwe, nare, nar (Middle High German)
    - Narbe (German)
      - Narb (Luxembourgish)
*narwō (Proto-West Germanic)
- *narwa, *narwo (Old Saxon)
  - narwe, nare (Middle Low German)
*ᚨᚱᚹᛁᛉ (*arwiʀ) (Proto-Norse)
- ǫrr, ǫr, ørr, ør, ęr, *ęrr (Old Norse)
  - ar (Danish)
  - arr, err, ør (Faroese)
  - ör (Icelandic)
  - aur (Scots)
*ᚨᚱᚹᛁᛉ (*arwiʀ) (Proto-Norse)
- ǫrr, ǫr, ørr, ør, ęr, *ęrr (Old Norse)
  - ær, ar (Old Swedish)
    - ärr (Swedish)
*ᚨᚱᚹᛁᛉ (*arwiʀ) (Proto-Norse)
- *arpi (Proto-Finnic)

Explore/search these descendants

View on Wiktionary