*askaz

Runic: ᚨᛊᚲᚨᛉ Pronunciation: /ˈɑs.kɑz/

noun · masculine · a-stem

Meanings

ash tree

Etymology

From pre-Germanic *oskó-, traditionally derived from Proto-Indo-European *Hh₃es-k-ós, a -k- extension of root *Heh₃s-. The wider family includes Lithuanian uosis, Proto-Slavic *asenь/*asenъ, Proto-Celtic *osno-, Latin ornus, Armenian հացի (hacʻi), Albanian ah, and perhaps Ancient Greek ὀξύα (oxýa). Matasović alternatively reconstructs *h₃eHs- ~ h₃Hs- with -(V)n-, -i-, and -k- extensions, while allowing that the widespread European word may ultimately be a pre-Indo-European substrate loan; its inherited status therefore remains uncertain (de Vaan 2008: 435, s.v. ornus; Martirosyan 2010: 398, s.v. hac‘i; Matasović 2024: 49–50; Stifter 2024: 181–183).

Declension

CaseSingularPlural
Nom.askazaskōz, askōs
Acc.askąaskanz
Gen.askas, askisaskǫ̂
Dat.askaiaskamaz
Inst.askōaskamiz
Voc.askaskōz, askōs

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Descendants

  • *ask (Proto-West Germanic)
    • *ask (Old Dutch)
      • esk (Middle Dutch)
        • es (Dutch)
  • *ask (Proto-West Germanic)
    • æsċ (Old English)
      • asshe (Middle English)
        • ash (English)
        • aish, esh (Scots)
  • *ask (Proto-West Germanic)
    • ask (Old Frisian)
      • esk (West Frisian)
  • *ask (Proto-West Germanic)
    • asc (Old High German)
      • Essen (German)
  • *ask (Proto-West Germanic)
    • asc (Old High German)
      • asche, esche (Middle High German)
        • Esche (German)
        • Esch (Luxembourgish)
        • אַשבוים (ashboym) (Yiddish)
  • *ask (Proto-West Germanic)
    • ask (Old Saxon)
      • esk (Middle Low German)
        • Asch (Plautdietsch)
  • askr (Old Norse)
    • askur (Faroese)
    • ask, äsk (Gutnish)
    • askur (Icelandic)
    • ask (Norwegian Nynorsk)
  • askr (Old Norse)
    • ask (Old Danish)
      • ask (Danish)
        • ask (Norwegian Bokmål)
  • askr (Old Norse)
    • asker, ᛆᛋᚴᚽᚱ (Old Swedish)
      • ask (Swedish)
        • aski (Finnish)

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