*astaz
Runic: ᚨᛊᛏᚨᛉ Pronunciation: /ˈɑs.tɑz/noun · masculine · a-stem
Meanings
a branch or bough of a tree
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *h₃ósd-o-s, a thematic masculine noun (Ringe 2017: 89). Cognate with Ancient Greek ὄζος (ózos) and Old Armenian ոստ (ost). Hittite 𒄩𒀸𒁺𒅕 (ḫa-aš-du-er /ḫašduēr/) may also be related, but its cognate status is uncertain (Beekes 2010: 1050, s.v. ὄζος; Kloekhorst 2008: 326–27; Martirosyan 2010: 533–34, s.v. ost). Beekes claims that the cross-language evidence points to an original preform *Hosdgᵂo-. Alternatively, Lubotsky speculatively analyzes the underlying form as an old compound containing *h₃esth₁-, perhaps *h₃esth₁-gʷer- ‘bony bulge’ (Kloekhorst 2008: 327, citing Lubotsky, personal communication).
Declension
| Case | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| Nom. | astaz | astōz, astōs |
| Acc. | astą | astanz |
| Gen. | astas, astis | astǫ̂ |
| Dat. | astai | astamaz |
| Inst. | astō | astamiz |
| Voc. | ast | astōz, astōs |
Descendants
-
*ast (Proto-West Germanic)
-
*ast (Old Dutch)
-
ast (Middle Dutch)
- ast (Dutch)
-
ast (Middle Dutch)
-
*ast (Old Dutch)
-
*ast (Proto-West Germanic)
-
ast (Old High German)
-
ast (Middle High German)
- Ast (German)
- Aascht (Luxembourgish)
-
ast (Middle High German)
-
ast (Old High German)
-
*ast (Proto-West Germanic)
-
ast (Old Saxon)
- ast (Middle Low German)
-
ast (Old Saxon)
- 𐌰𐍃𐍄𐍃 (asts) (Gothic)