*-az⁴
Runic: ᚨᛉ Pronunciation: /ɑz/suffix · forms adjectives · a-stem
Function
forms primary deverbal adjectives, particularly active, agentive, or resultative adjectives
Etymology
From the Proto-Indo-European adjective formation in *-ó-s, formed by adding this suffix directly to verbal roots. The suffix could form adjectives from a variety of root ablaut grade variations. The resulting adjectives could express an active or agentive property, or a state resulting from the verbal action. While the suffix survived in Proto-Germanic, it was not productive in the language (Krahe & Meid 1969: 60–61).
Paradigm
Strong declension
| Case | Sg. Masc. | Sg. Fem. | Sg. Neut. | Pl. Masc. | Pl. Fem. | Pl. Neut. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nom. | -az | -ō | -ą, -atō | -ai | -ôz | -ō |
| Acc. | -anǭ | -ǭ | -ą, -atō | -anz | -ōz | -ō |
| Gen. | -as, -is | -aizōz | -as, -is | -aizǫ̂ | -aizǫ̂ | -aizǫ̂ |
| Dat. | -ammai | -aizōi | -ammai | -aimaz | -aimaz | -aimaz |
| Inst. | -anō | -aizō | -anō | -aimiz | -aimiz | -aimiz |
Weak declension
| Case | Sg. Masc. | Sg. Fem. | Sg. Neut. | Pl. Masc. | Pl. Fem. | Pl. Neut. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nom. | -ô | -ǭ | -ô | -aniz | -ōniz | -ōnō |
| Acc. | -anų | -ōnų | -ô | -anunz | -ōnunz | -ōnō |
| Gen. | -iniz | -ōniz | -iniz | -anǫ̂ | -ōnǫ̂ | -anǫ̂ |
| Dat. | -ini | -ōni | -ini | -ammaz | -ōmaz | -ammaz |
| Inst. | -inē | -ōnē | -inē | -ammiz | -ōmiz | -ammiz |