*aþulijaz
Runic: ᚨᚦᚢᛚᛁᛃᚨᛉ Pronunciation: /ˈɑ.θu.li.jɑz/adjective · ja-stem
Meanings
noble; of noble birth or lineage
Etymology
From the *aþal-/*aþul- word family + *-(i)jaz³, forming a denominal adjective, originally ‘inherited, ancestral; of (noble) lineage’, whence ‘noble’ (Faltings 2010: 48, 110–11; Heidermanns 1993: 107–09). The exact medial vocalism is uncertain: Orel (2003: 27) reconstructs *aþal(j)az, whereas Kroonen (2013: 40) prefers *aþulja- and derives it from pre-Germanic *h₂⸝₃et-l̥-io-, with *u reflecting the Germanic vocalization of syllabic *l̥. The adjective has no separate secure Indo-European cognates; for its deeper etymology see *aþalą.
Declension
Strong declension
| Case | Sg. Masc. | Sg. Fem. | Sg. Neut. | Pl. Masc. | Pl. Fem. | Pl. Neut. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nom. | aþulijaz | aþulijō | aþuliją, -atō | aþulijai | aþulijôz | aþulijō |
| Acc. | aþulijanǭ | aþulijǭ | aþuliją, -atō | aþulijanz | aþulijōz | aþulijō |
| Gen. | aþulijas, -īs | aþulijaizōz | aþulijas, -īs | aþulijaizǫ̂ | aþulijaizǫ̂ | aþulijaizǫ̂ |
| Dat. | aþulijammai | aþulijaizōi | aþulijammai | aþulijaimaz | aþulijaimaz | aþulijaimaz |
| Inst. | aþulijanō | aþulijaizō | aþulijanō | aþulijaimiz | aþulijaimiz | aþulijaimiz |
Weak declension
| Case | Sg. Masc. | Sg. Fem. | Sg. Neut. | Pl. Masc. | Pl. Fem. | Pl. Neut. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nom. | aþulijô | aþulijǭ | aþulijô | aþulijaniz | aþulijōniz | aþulijōnō |
| Acc. | aþulijanų | aþulijōnų | aþulijô | aþulijanunz | aþulijōnunz | aþulijōnō |
| Gen. | aþulīniz | aþulijōniz | aþulīniz | aþulijanǫ̂ | aþulijōnǫ̂ | aþulijanǫ̂ |
| Dat. | aþulīni | aþulijōni | aþulīni | aþulijammaz | aþulijōmaz | aþulijammaz |
| Inst. | aþulīnē | aþulijōnē | aþulīnē | aþulijammiz | aþulijōmiz | aþulijammiz |
Descendants
-
*aþulī, *aþlī (Proto-West Germanic)
-
ethele (Old Dutch)
-
ēdel (Middle Dutch)
- aedel (Limburgish)
-
ēdel (Middle Dutch)
-
ethele (Old Dutch)
-
*aþulī, *aþlī (Proto-West Germanic)
-
ethele (Old Dutch)
-
ēdel (Middle Dutch)
-
edel (Dutch)
- edel (Afrikaans)
-
edel (Dutch)
-
ēdel (Middle Dutch)
-
ethele (Old Dutch)
-
*aþulī, *aþlī (Proto-West Germanic)
-
æþele, eþele (Old English)
-
athel, ethel (Middle English)
- athel (English)
- athill (Scots)
-
athel, ethel (Middle English)
-
æþele, eþele (Old English)
-
*aþulī, *aþlī (Proto-West Germanic)
-
ethele (Old Frisian)
- eedel (Saterland Frisian)
- eal (West Frisian)
-
ethele (Old Frisian)
-
*aþulī, *aþlī (Proto-West Germanic)
-
edili (Old High German)
-
edle, edel (Middle High German)
- edel (German)
- איידל (eydl) (Yiddish)
-
edle, edel (Middle High German)
-
edili (Old High German)
-
*aþulī, *aþlī (Proto-West Germanic)
-
ethili (Old Saxon)
-
ēdele, ēdel (Middle Low German)
- ædel (Danish)
- edel (Low German)
- edel (Norwegian Bokmål)
- edel (Norwegian Nynorsk)
- ädel (Swedish)
-
ēdele, ēdel (Middle Low German)
-
ethili (Old Saxon)