*badją
Runic: ᛒᚨᛞᛃᚨ Pronunciation: /ˈbɑð.jɑ̃/noun · neuter · ja-stem
Meanings
- bed, sleeping place
- bedding, mattress, cushion
- (West Germanic) garden bed, plot of cultivated ground
Etymology
Uncertain. Possibly from pre-Germanic *bʰodʰ(h₂)-yo-m, a neuter *-yo- derivative from the o-grade of Proto-Indo-European *bʰedʰh₂-, alternatively reconstructed *bʰedʰ- (Kloekhorst 2008: 654–655, s.v. padda-ⁱ / padd-; Kroonen 2013: 46). Compare Latin fodiō and Proto-Celtic *bedo-, continued by Middle Welsh bedd (Matasović 2009a: 59–60; Medrano Duque 2025: 24). The proposed development is ‘that which is dug out’ > ‘dug-out resting place’ > ‘bed’, but the semantic connection is uncertain; Proto-Finnic *patja, an early Germanic loan, already reflects ‘bedding’ (Boutkan & Siebinga 2005: 33–34). Alternatively, Mallory & Adams (Mallory & Adams 2006: 375) derive the word from a separate homonymous *bʰedʰ- via ‘cushion’, while de Vries (de Vries 1977: 29, s.v. beðr) connects it with *baþą and ultimately Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₁-, interpreting it as ‘warm place’.
Declension
| Case | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| Nom. | badją | badjō |
| Acc. | badją | badjō |
| Gen. | badjas, badis | badjǫ̂ |
| Dat. | badjai | badjamaz |
| Inst. | badjō | badjamiz |
| Voc. | badją | badjō |
Descendants
-
*badi (Proto-West Germanic)
-
beddi (Old Dutch)
-
bedde (Middle Dutch)
- bedde (French)
- bèd (Limburgish)
-
bedde (Middle Dutch)
-
beddi (Old Dutch)
-
*badi (Proto-West Germanic)
-
beddi (Old Dutch)
-
bedde (Middle Dutch)
-
bed (Dutch)
- bed (Afrikaans)
-
bed (Dutch)
-
bedde (Middle Dutch)
-
beddi (Old Dutch)
-
*badi (Proto-West Germanic)
-
bedd, bed, bædd (Old English)
-
bed, bedd, bæd, bedde, bede (Middle English)
- bed (English)
-
bed, bedd, bæd, bedde, bede (Middle English)
-
bedd, bed, bædd (Old English)
-
*badi (Proto-West Germanic)
-
bedd, bed, bædd (Old English)
-
bed, bedd, bæd, bedde, bede (Middle English)
-
bed, bede (Middle Scots)
- bed (Scots)
-
bed, bede (Middle Scots)
-
bed, bedd, bæd, bedde, bede (Middle English)
-
bedd, bed, bædd (Old English)
-
*badi (Proto-West Germanic)
-
bedd (Old Frisian)
- Bääd (Saterland Frisian)
- bêd (West Frisian)
-
bedd (Old Frisian)
-
*badi (Proto-West Germanic)
-
betti, beti (Old High German)
-
bette, bete, bet (Middle High German)
- Bett (Alemannic German)
- Bett (Luxembourgish)
-
bette, bete, bet (Middle High German)
-
betti, beti (Old High German)
-
*badi (Proto-West Germanic)
-
betti, beti (Old High German)
-
bette, bete, bet (Middle High German)
-
Bett, Beet (German)
-
bed (Danish)
- bed (Norwegian Bokmål)
-
bed (Danish)
-
Bett, Beet (German)
-
bette, bete, bet (Middle High German)
-
betti, beti (Old High German)
-
*badi (Proto-West Germanic)
-
bed, bedd, beddi (Old Saxon)
-
bedde (Middle Low German)
- beddi (Icelandic)
-
bedde (Middle Low German)
-
bed, bedd, beddi (Old Saxon)
-
*badi (Proto-West Germanic)
-
bed, bedd, beddi (Old Saxon)
-
bedde (Middle Low German)
-
Bett, Bedd (Low German)
- bedde (Dutch Low Saxon)
-
Bett, Bedd (Low German)
-
bedde (Middle Low German)
-
bed, bedd, beddi (Old Saxon)
-
*badi (Proto-West Germanic)
-
bed, bedd, beddi (Old Saxon)
-
bedde (Middle Low German)
-
Bett, Bedd (Low German)
-
Bedd (Low German)
- Bad, Bed (Plautdietsch)
-
Bedd (Low German)
-
Bett, Bedd (Low German)
-
bedde (Middle Low German)
-
bed, bedd, beddi (Old Saxon)
-
beðr (Old Norse)
- beður, beð (Faroese)
- beður, beð (Icelandic)
-
beðr (Old Norse)
- bedd (Norwegian Nynorsk)
-
beðr (Old Norse)
-
*bädh, bädhil (Old Swedish)
-
bädd (Swedish)
- peti (Finnish)
-
bädd (Swedish)
-
*bädh, bädhil (Old Swedish)
- 𐌱𐌰𐌳𐌹 (badi) (Gothic)
- *patja (Proto-Finnic)