*badwō
Runic: ᛒᚨᛞᚹᛟ Pronunciation: /ˈbɑð.wɔː/noun · feminine · ō-stem
Meanings
battle, fight
Etymology
From pre-Germanic *bʰodʰ-weh₂-, a feminine *-weh₂- formation corresponding to Proto-Celtic *bodwo-/*bodwā-; compare Middle Irish bodb, badb and Gaulish personal names *Boduus, *Boduo-gnatus (Koch 2020: 90; Kroonen 2013: 47; Matasović 2009a: 70). The inherited wō-stem is confirmed by Old Norse bǫð, genitive bǫðvar, and Old English beadu, oblique beadwe (Ringe & Taylor 2014: 16, 42). Traditionally connected with Proto-Indo-European *bʰedʰh₂-, with o-grade *bʰodʰh₂- (Rix et al. 2001: 66), but the semantic development ‘pierce, stab’ → ‘battle’ is uncertain; recent analysis regards the connection as possible but not compelling (van Sluis et al. 2023: 221).
Declension
| Case | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| Nom. | badwō | badwôz |
| Acc. | badwǭ | badwōz |
| Gen. | badwōz | badwǫ̂ |
| Dat. | badwōi | badwōmaz |
| Inst. | badwō | badwōmiz |
| Voc. | badwō | badwôz |
Descendants
-
*badu (Proto-West Germanic)
- *badu, *batu (Old High German)
- *badu (Old Saxon)
-
*badu (Proto-West Germanic)
-
badu, beado, beadu (Old English)
-
*beaduhōc (Old English)
-
*bedhok, bedocke (Middle English)
- beadhook, beedhook, bidhook (English)
-
*bedhok, bedocke (Middle English)
-
*beaduhōc (Old English)
-
badu, beado, beadu (Old English)
-
bǫð (Old Norse)
- böð (Icelandic)
- bad (Norwegian Nynorsk)
- bad (Old Danish)
- böd, bad, ba, badd (Swedish)
-
*𐌱𐌰𐌳𐌿𐍃 (*badus) (Gothic)
- Badwila, Baduarius (Latin)
- battuō (Latin)