*baitraz
Runic: ᛒᚨᛁᛏᚱᚨᛉ Pronunciation: /ˈbɑi̯.trɑz/adjective · a-stem
Meanings
bitter, sharp
Etymology
From pre-Germanic *bʰoyd-ró-s. The o-grade is unexpected, as ro-stems usually take the zero-grade, as is clearly the case in regular *bitraz (‘bitter’). This could theoretically point to a lost o-grade strong verb, in which case this adjective would be equivalent to **baitaną + *-raz (forms adjectives from verbal roots). Compare the similarly formed *haidraz (‘bright, shining’, < **haiþaną), *staigraz (‘elevating, steep’, < *staigijaną). See also the related *baitilaz.
Declension
Strong declension
| Case | Sg. Masc. | Sg. Fem. | Sg. Neut. | Pl. Masc. | Pl. Fem. | Pl. Neut. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nom. | baitraz | baitrō | baitrą, -atō | baitrai | baitrôz | baitrō |
| Acc. | baitranǭ | baitrǭ | baitrą, -atō | baitranz | baitrōz | baitrō |
| Gen. | baitras, -is | baitraizōz | baitras, -is | baitraizǫ̂ | baitraizǫ̂ | baitraizǫ̂ |
| Dat. | baitrammai | baitraizōi | baitrammai | baitraimaz | baitraimaz | baitraimaz |
| Inst. | baitranō | baitraizō | baitranō | baitraimiz | baitraimiz | baitraimiz |
Weak declension
| Case | Sg. Masc. | Sg. Fem. | Sg. Neut. | Pl. Masc. | Pl. Fem. | Pl. Neut. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nom. | baitrô | baitrǭ | baitrô | baitraniz | baitrōniz | baitrōnō |
| Acc. | baitranų | baitrōnų | baitrô | baitranunz | baitrōnunz | baitrōnō |
| Gen. | baitriniz | baitrōniz | baitriniz | baitranǫ̂ | baitrōnǫ̂ | baitranǫ̂ |
| Dat. | baitrini | baitrōni | baitrini | baitrammaz | baitrōmaz | baitrammaz |
| Inst. | baitrinē | baitrōnē | baitrinē | baitrammiz | baitrōmiz | baitrammiz |
Descendants
-
*beitr (Old Norse)
- beitur, beittur (Icelandic)
-
slíðrbeitr (Old Norse)
- beitur, beittur (Icelandic)
- 𐌱𐌰𐌹𐍄𐍂𐍃 (baitrs) (Gothic)